the movement of Earth's continents relative to each other

a large landmass created by the convergence of multiple continents

The rocks of Earth's crust that make up the base of the continents, ranging in thickness from about 35 km to 60 km under mountain ranges.

1. sudden movement of rock within Earth's crust caused by accumulated stress along a fault 2. a sudden shaking of the ground caused by tectonic plate movement that generates seismic waves

an oceanographic technique used to study the topography of the seafloor using sound waves

the theory that describes the movement and recycling of segments of Earth's crust, called tectonic plates

the large supercontinent at the end of the Paleozoic Era consisting of all the land on Earth, including all seven continents and other landmasses

the preserved remains of an organism, or traces of an organism such as a mark or print left by an animal

a type of rock formed by gravity pressing fragments of other rocks and minerals together as they settle on land or under the ocean over a long period of time

a crack in a body of rock along which rocks on opposite sides slide past each other