Read the passage.

“My father in his early manhood,” Grandpa began, “made a vision quest to find a spirit guide for his life. You cannot understand how it was in that time, when the great Teton Sioux were first made to stay on the reservation. There was a strong need for guidance from Wakantanka, the Great Spirit. But too many of the young men were filled with despair and hatred. They thought it was hopeless to search for a vision when the glorious life was gone and only the hated confines of a reservation lay ahead. But my father held to the old ways.”

What caused the young men to be “filled with despair and hatred?”

Read the passage.

Leaves often change color before they fall. As autumn approaches, chlorophyll, the green pigment used in photosynthesis, breaks down. As chlorophyll is lost from leaves, other yellow and orange pigments are revealed. These pigments were always present in the leaves but were hidden by the green chlorophyll. Some leaves also have red pigments, which also become visible when chlorophyll is broken down.

What causes green leaves to change color in the fall?

Read the passage.

Then here comes Mr. Pearson with his clipboard and his cards and pencils and whistles and safety pins and fifty million other things he’s always dropping all over the place with his clumsy self. He sticks out in a crowd because he’s on stilts. We used to call him Jack and the Beanstalk to get him mad. But I’m the only one that can outrun him and get away, and I’m too grown for that silliness now.

Why does Mr. Pearson stand out in the crowd?

Read the passage.

A substance made up of one type of atom is called an element. When two or more atoms join together, they form what is called a molecule.

How do molecules and elements differ?

Read the passage.

The difference between day length and night length is an important environmental stimulus for many plants. This stimulus can cause plants to begin reproducing. Some plants flower only in late summer or early autumn, when the night length is long. These plants are called short-day plants. Examples of short-day plants include poinsettias, ragweed, and chrysanthemums. Other plants flower in spring or early summer, when night length is short. These plants are called long-day plants. Clover, spinach, and lettuce are examples of long-day plants.

Short-day plants flower in the summer or early autumn. Long-day plants _________.

Read the following advertisement, keeping in mind that in a food label, ingredients are listed in order from the greatest amount to the least.

Ingredients: tomato puree (water, tomato paste), high fructose corn

syrup, wheat flour, salt, spice extract, vitamin C (ascorbic acid), citric acid.

According to the soup label, tomato soup mainly contains

Read the classified advertisement

BLACK LAB, male, approx. 6 mo. old, found on Baseline Rd., in Shelley, no collar

Choose the correct statement

Read the chapter summaries.

If you’re looking for a recipe for fish, the best chapter to look in is_______________.

The best source of information to determine the date Pearl Harbor was bombed would be a/an _____________.

Read the passage.

Once the flower buds are formed, it doesn’t matter if the plant is kept indoors or in deep shade. Full sun tends to fade the flowers faster, while cool temperatures prolong their staying power. Although a light frost won’t harm most mums, play it safe and bring them indoors if a cold snap threatens.

In the passage, the phrase “full sun” means

Read the passage.

Wolves are carnivorous, predatory animals. They live together in packs with an alpha male who is the dominant leader. Wolves hunt mostly at dusk, and they prey on elk, deer, coyotes, rabbits, and other animals in their habitat. Sometimes, they even prey on moose.

What is the alpha male?

Read the passage

Critters Called Clams

            What has one foot and sprays water at its enemies? Well, it’s a clam. You may be fortunate enough one day to actually find a live clam in its shell on the beach. However, the clam notices danger very quickly and will pull its one foot inside its shell and just lie there. You can try as hard as you can to open the shell with your hands, but it won’t open. The clam’s soft body lives in the shell and it travels on land with the one foot it has. When danger seems to be near, the clam can spray water toward the area of danger. This is its way of protecting itself.

What is the clam’s body like?

Read the paragraph.

A few days ago Craig cleaned up the garage, and checked the tire pressure on his bike. Yesterday he washed his clothes. This morning he had to study. He studied from 10:00a.m. to 2:30p.m. He has to play basketball at 6:00p.m.

According to this paragraph, which statement is true?

Read the passage.

Mafatu opened one of the green drinking nuts and tilted back his head to let the cool liquid trickle down his parched throat; more refreshing than spring water, cool on the hottest days, and as sustaining as food. The boy scooped out the gelatinous meat for Uri and the dog ate it gratefully.

After Mafatu drank, what did he do for his dog?

Read the passage.

[Mother] went back to work, closing the door. At first the sound of the boy dragging brush annoyed her. Then he began to chop. The blows were rhythmic and steady, and shortly she had forgotten him, the sound no more of an interruption than a consistent rain. She supposed an hour and a half passed, for when she stopped and stretched, and heard the boy’s steps on the cabin stoop, the sun was dropping behind the farthest mountain, and the valleys were purple with something deeper than the asters.

After the boy dragged the brush, what did he do?

Choose the best answer.

You will be making twenty squares, ten each of two different fabric combinations. Before you start sewing, coordinate fabrics for each combination. Keep track of combinations and use assembly-line sewing as you go. For each step, position pieces right sides together and line up all sets next to your sewing machine. Stitch first set together, then continue sewing without breaking your thread. Cut threads and press seams.

What do you do before you begin sewing?