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WorksheetsEarth Science Mid-Term
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 2hrs 44mins
The branch of Earth Science that studies the blanket of the air that surround Earth is ___.
paleontology
meteorology
atmosphere
hydrology
Most scientific studies use a standard system of units called _____, which is a modern version of the metric system.
SI
scientific notation
customary measure
PEMDAS
Identifying rocks, studying glacial movements, and interpreting clues to Earth's history are all topics studied in ___.
geology
oceanography
environmental science
meteorology
A(n) ___ is a suggestion explanation for an observation.
experiment
hypothesis
independent variable
control
The study of objects beyond Earth's atmosphere is _____.
geology
astrology
astronomy
meteorology
The water in earth's oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, glaciers, and in Earth's atmosphere makes up the ____.
atmosphere
geosphere
hydrosphere
biosphere
Researchers use a ___ in an experiment to show that the results of the experiment are actually due to the condition being tested.
constant
opinions
control
bias
The application of scientific discoveries is called ___.
meteorology
astrology
paleontology
technology
All of the following are standard components of the experimental process EXCEPT
models
controls
variables
opinions
Jose is measuring the mass of an apple. Which SI unit of measure would he use?
gram
milligram
meter
liter
Which lists the layers from inside out?
crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
crust, inner core, outer core, mantle
mantle, outer core, inner core, crust
inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
Which of the following is not a specialized area of Earth science?
geology
biology
astronomy
metoerology
What is the standard SI unit for measuring length?
mile
meter
foot
liter
A(n) _____ is an explanation that is based on the results of repeated experiments.
law
hypothesis
control
theory
Graphs and charts of data can be used for _____.
data analysis
formation of a hypothesis
testing the independent variable
deciding on a control
Climatology is most closely related to which field?
oceanography
meteorology
geology
astronomy
Density
kilogram
kelvin
gram per millimeter
liter
temperature
kilogram
kelvin
gram per millimeter
liter
The part of the experiment used to show the results are due to the condition being tested.
independent variable
hypothesis
dependent variable
control
The one factor in an experiment that changes
independent variable
dependent variable
control
hypothesis
What are the 5 branches of Earth Science?
(a)
Name something whose mass is about one gram
(a)
Name something whose volume is about one milliliter
(a)
Name something whose mass is about one milligram
(a)
Name something whose volume is about one kiloliter
(a)
Name something that measures about one meter.
(a)
Name something that measures about one kilometer.
(a)
When magma cools quickly, ____ crystals form and when it cools slowly, ____ crystals form.
shiny, dull
large, large
broken, crystals
small, large
What are common minerals called?
abundant minerals
igneous minerals
crystal minerals
rock-forming minerals
A(n) ____ is a solid in which the atoms are arranged in repeating patterns.
magma
rock
atom
crystal
How do crystals of salt form?
inside caves
in glacial ice
from magma
from solution
_____ is the measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched.
specific gravity
streak
hardness
luster
Which describes the way a mineral feels?
streak
texture
luster
hardness
What is the numeric value of the hardest mineral of Mohs hardness scale?
100
20
11
10
If a mineral breaks along distinct planes, it is said to have ____.
fracture
a high specific gravity
cleavage
a dull luster
____ is the way a mineral reflects light.
colorless streak
cleavage
streak
luster
A mineral is ____ if it can be mined for profit.
an igneous rock
an ore
a crystal
a rock
A mineral's ____ is the color when it is powdered.
hardness
streak
density
luster
What is caused by the presence of trace elements in a mineral?
luster
streak
color
hardness
What is the hardness of a quartz?
2
7
9
4
What is the most abundant element on earth?
nitrogen
carbon
oxygen
gold
What is the molten material under Earth's crust called?
solution
minerals
basalt
magma
What is the most abundant element in Earth's crust?
nitrogen
oxygen
carbon
gold
What makes a mineral a gem?
its deep color
its rarity and beauty
its association with native elements
its pearly luster
Which is a mineral?
salt
amber
coal
sugar
What is not a characteristic of a mineral?
naturally occurring
organic solid
specific chemical compostion
definite crystal structure
A naturally occurring, inorganic slid with specific chemical composition and crystalline structure is a ___.
crystal
gem
mineral
ore
____ is the tendency of a mineral to break with rough and jagged edges.
streak
luster
cleavage
fracture
Why might a mineral no longer be classified as an ore?
if the supply of the mineral changes
if the demand for the mineral chnages
if it is no longer profitable
all of the above
Some fossils are preserved in limestone. Are these fossils minerals?
yes, because they are preserved in rocks
yes, because they formed as the result of Earth processes
no, because they were once living
no, because limestone is a rock
Water, in its liquid form, is one of the most common substances on Earth, yet it is not a mineral. Why
it is made from two gasses: hydrogen and oxygen
it is a liquid
it covers nearly three fourths of Earth
it cannot be made in laboratories
If you took random samples of minerals from several locations, which type of mineral would you likely have more of-oxides, silicates or carbonates? why?
(a)
Is sugar a mineral? Why or why not.
(a)
H~ (a)
_~Carbon
(a)
Be~ (a)
_~Boron
(a)
(a) ~Lithium
(a) ~Helium
What are the two types of weathering?
erosion and physical
cementation and chemical
erosion and chemical
physical and chemical
What type of weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces of rock without chemical change?
erosional weathering
clastic sediments
chemical weathering
physical weathering
What processes aid in the formation of sediments?
erosion only
weathering and metamorphism
deposition and solidification
weathering and erosion
Which of the following is an example of an evaporate?
breccia
rock salt
coal
shale
How are clastic sedimentary rocks classified?
method of deposition
mineralogy
particle size
metamorphic grade
Why are sedimentary rocks important?
they provide many natural resources and evidence of Earth's past
they provide building stones
they contain fossils
they contain gemstones of high value
____ metamorphism, marble was what type of rock?
regional
low-grade
contact
hydrothermal
What do different grades of metamorphic rocks reflect?
relative amount of compaction
relative amount of pressure only
relative amount of temperature and cementation
relative amount of pressure and temperature
Symmeterical ripples are the result of sediments being moved _____.
in a circular direction
in a forward direction up an incline
in a forward direction
in a back and forth motion
What is the process called that changes sediments to sedimentary rocks?
lithification
weathering and metamorphism
erosion
solidification
Pieces of preexisting rock are called ____.
minerals
atoms
sediments
rocks
What methods of transport typically deposit sorted sediments?
glaciers and water
glaciers and wind
water and wind
mass movement and water
Gravity, water, wind, and ice are all agents of erosion
cementation
compaction
erosion
lithification
A glacial deposit often is ____.
unsorted
well-sorted
cross-bedded
rippled
Sedimentary layers with distinct grain sizes progressing from larger to smaller are called ____.
layered bedding
graded bedding
glacial bedding
unsorted bedding
What type of metamorphic rock is a result of increased pressure and temperature affecting large regions of Earth's crust?
regional metamorphism
contact metamorphism
hydrothermal metamorphism
foliated metamorphism
Rocks are classified as igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic based primarily on their ____.
texture
process of formation
crystal or grain size
mineral composition
Limestone that is exposed to enough heat and pressure is transformed into ___.
marble
quartzite
slate
gneiss
Which type of metamorphism is most likely to be caused by a small intrusion of magma into dry rock material?
contact metamorphism
regional metamorphism
hydrothermal metamorphism
dynamothermal metamorphism
Most sedimentary rocks are formed by ___.
uplifting and melting
eruption of volcanoes
compaction and cementation
changes deep within Earth
Which sedimentary rock can most likely form as a result of biological processes?
conglomerate
limestone
siltstone
breccia
Which process would form sedimentary rock?
cooling of molten magma within Earth's crust
recrystallization of unmelted material within Earth's crust
cooling lava flow on Earth's surface
precipitation of minerals as seawater evaporates
Which sequence would be possible for a rock going through the rock cycle?
igneous > melting > sedimentary > erosion > metamorphic
metamorphic > erosion > igneous > compaction > sedimentary
sedimentary > melting > metamorphic > pressure > igneous
metamorphic > melting > igneous > erosion > sedimentary
Coal is an example of a ___ sedimentary rock.
chemical
clastic
organic
intrusive
A metamorphic rock changes into an igneous rock by what two processes?
melting and cooling
compaction and cementation
extreme heat and pressure
weathering and erosion
Igneous rocks can only turn into metamorphic rocks.
True
False
Sediment being moved from one area to another is called ___.
erosion
weathering
deposition
compaction
Sedimentary rocks made from fossils are called ___.
organic
foliated
chemical
crystalline
A metamorphic rock can become ___.
igneous
sedimentary
metamorphic
all of these
A igneous rock can become ___.
igneous
sedimentary
metamorphic
all of these
Where would you most likely find a metamorphic rock?
deep in the Earth
next to a river
on the ocean floor
in a volcano
Wind, water, and ice breaking down rock is called ___.
erosion
compaction
deposition
weathering
The type of metamorphism that occurs when very hot water reacts with and alters the mineralogy of rock is ___.
contact
regional
hydrothermal
local
What will happen if an igneous rock is put under an extreme amount of heat and pressure?
it will melt into lava
it will become a metamorphic rock
it will weather and erod
it will become a sedimentary
Name the three major types of rock?
(a)
Neon~ (a)
Magnesium~ (a)
N~ (a)
Oxygen~ _
(a)
Fluorine~ _
(a)
Na~ (a)
