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WorksheetsChapter 2: Pre-Clinical
Total questions: 29
Worksheet time: 2hrs 25mins
Overview and General Guidelines
Types of reasoning
Procedural
Interactive
Pragmatic
Conditional
Levels of exam questions
Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Analysis
Evaluative reasoning
The process by which the merits of an argument are weighed for their validity and the inherent value of the argument itself is critique. People make judgments about the merits and value of the information they receive all the time and are often unconscious of the thought process that is involved
Not practice, evaluative reasoning must be conscious. A good evaluative thinker listens with a skeptical ear to determine the trustworthiness of information before assigning a value to it.
This helps guide thinking about a correct course of action. It is often used in OT practice when difficult decisions must be made in areas that have no clear-cut answers.
Evaluative reasoning is often required during the exam to answer correctly exam items about ethical dilemmas
To help you identify exam items that post challenging practice situations and ethical dilemas, the analysis of your performance on this exam will have a picture of a cogwheel next to the evaluative reasoning items
Inferential reasoning
The process of drawing conclusions are making logical judgments based on facts, concepts, and evidence rather than direct observations.
Used in practice situations when an OTA infers the symptoms to expect based on a diagnosis or the likely progression of a disease or disorder. Also utilized in practice situations when OTAs have to decide on a best course of action
Regularly used by OT practitioners in their decision-making process, and this reality is precisely why the skill is important for successful exam performance
Exam items of this nature can be difficult because they asked the test take her to determine what is believed to be true, even though there is no 100% assurance that the selected answer is correct. However, they accurately reflect the realistic uncertainties of OT practice
To help you identify exam items that require you to draw conclusions or make logical judgments based on facts, concepts, and evidence rather than direct observations will have a picture of a light bulb next to inferential reasoning items on the practice exams.
Analytical reasoning
The process of interpreting the meaning of information, determining relationships within the information presented, and then making assumptions or judgments about that information.
Information presented in the form of graphs, charts, tables, and pictures encourage analytical reasoning skills because one must interpret the information that is depicted and determine what it precisely means
Used in OT practice to categorize information. Important in OT practice, because it helps the OTA determine the potential impact of a clinical condition on occupational performance.
Analysis exam items are often frustrating since limited information upon which an answer must be selected is provided. However, they accurately reflect the practice reality by OT practitioners really have complete information about a person or group
To help you identify exam items that require the examination of ideas and concepts and the relationships between them, the analysis of your performance on this texts three practice exams will have a picture of a beaker next to the analytical reasoning items
Deductive reasoning
The process of reasoning in which conclusions are drawn based on facts, laws, rules, or accepted principles. The reverse thinking process of inductive reasoning.
Starts with information about larger circumstances, broader principles, and general theories and applies this knowledge to specific situations
Provides important guidelines for OT practice by putting forth protocols, procedures, rules, laws that can be applied to a specific practice scenario without necessitating independent judgment for the situation
Recognizing the limitations of deductive reasoning is an important part of successful exam performance. The sound is entrustworthiness of the applied procedures, theories, principles, and concepts must be thoughtfully critiqued before they are applied to a specific situation.
To help you identify exam items that require their correct answer to be based on facts, laws, rules, or accepted principles, the analysis of your performance on this text three practice exams will have a picture of a microscope next to deductive reasoning items
True or false? Using conditional reasoning, correct answers on the exam will take into account all case information that is provided in the item scenario. Exam items do not include extraneous details so carefully reflect on the relevance of the information provided in each item scenario to determine the best answer.
(a)
Inductive reasoning: to help you identify exam items that require the formation of assumptions, the analysis of your performance on this text three practice exams will have a picture of binoculars next to inductive reasoning items
The process of reasoning in which the assumptions of an argument are believed to endorse the conclusion, but do not guarantee it. Starts with reasoning in specific situations and then moves to more generalized situations.
An important skill clinically because it helps us to look at all our possible options in a circumstance and determine which seems most reasonable.
Used in diagnostic thinking to form assumptions about what to expect from a diagnosis as it involves and changes over time. May start with observations in a specific situation and then lead to draw and conclusions about larger circumstances.
Inductive reasoning must be used cautiously when answering exam items because situations specific knowledge is not inadequate foundation for making universal assumptions.
Be sure to not make Hasty generalizations about an exam item practice scenario. Generalizations are needed in life and even during the exam, but you must be prudent and making such generalizations and not jump to conclusions when answering an exam items
True or false? Using pragmatic reasoning, correct answers on the exam will be realistic given the person's assets and limitations, their environmental supports and barriers, and the practice setting's inherent opportunities and constraints.
(a)
True or false? Using interactive reasoning, correct answers on the exam will have the OTA engaging with the person, family, caregivers, and others in an empathetic, caring, respectful, collaborative, and empowering manner.
(a)
True or false? When you use procedural reasoning, correct answers on the exam will be consistent with the published evaluation standards and intervention protocols for a given clinical condition and congruent with established theories and relevant practice frameworks.
(a)
True or false? Conditional reasoning represents an integration of procedural, interactive and pragmatic reasoning in the context of the client's narrative. Focuses on past, current and possible future social contexts
(a)
Considers the context of service delivery including the person situation in the practice environment to identify the real possibilities for a person in a given setting
Procedural reasoning
Interactive reasoning
Pragmatic reasoning
Conditional reasoning
Focuses on the client as a person and involves the therapeutic relationships between the practitioner, the individual, the caregivers, and significant others
Procedural reasoning
Interactive reasoning
Pragmatic reasoning
Conditional reasoning
Requires the systematic gathering and interpreting of data to identify problems, cycles, plan interventions, and implement treatment strategies. It is the doing of practice
Procedural reasoning
Interactive reasoning
Pragmatic reasoning
Conditional reasoning
Analysis
Relevance to OTA exam: the OTA exam assumes that you have mastered and comprehended entry-level knowledge and that you can competently apply this information to diverse situations. Therefore, it may ask you to analyze and respond to ambiguous, not straight from the book situations.
Many OTA exam items are at this level, for the main objective of the exam is to determine your ability to be competent in complex practice situations
OTA exam preparation strategy: use the analysis of the texts practice exams to reflect on your reasoning mistakes. Critically review the extensive rationales provided in the text for the correct exam answers. Reflecting with a peer or study group can be helpful in determining your gaps and analysis of exam items. Review the texts sections on critical reasoning skills.
True or false? Application: Relevance to COTA exam: The COTA exam requires you to use your knowledge and comprehension as described above, along with the competencies you develop during your clinical field work, in a manner that best fits the specific practice scenario and an exam item. Many OTA exam items will likely be at this level, for a main goal of the COTA exam is to assess your ability to respond competently to different situations.
(a)
Relevance to the COTA exam: The COTA exam is not a matching column type of test. Therefore, you cannot just recall information on the OTA exam. You must fully understand the content area to be able to understand the nuances of an exam item. All items are required this, but only some will be solely at this level.
Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Analysis
Relevance to COTA exam: a solid knowledge foundation of all information related to entry level OTA practice is required to answer COTA exam items. It is likely that very few items on the OTA exam will be solely at this level
Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Analysis
Recognition of interrelationships between principles and interpretation or evaluation of data presented. For example, the most appropriate focus for discharge planning sessions for a parent with a traumatic brain injury.
Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Analysis
Use of information and application of rules, procedures, or theories to new situations. For example, the classroom modifications that a therapist would make for a child with autism.
Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Analysis
Have difficulty with taking specific info and applying it to larger populations?
Select incorrect answers because you cannot generalize your knowledge?
Deductive challenges
inferential challenges
analytical challenges
inductive challenges
Prefer to follow your instincts rather than the guidelines that a protocol may provide?
Select incorrect answers because you are unfamiliar with established practice standards or major theoretical approaches?
Inferential challenges
Deductive Challenges
inductive challenges
evaluative challenges
Tend to misinterpret information provided and make poor judgements and apply inadequately conceived assumptions about it?
Select incorrect answers because you misjudged the effects of a clinical condition on occupational performance?
analytical challenges
inferential challenges
inductive challenges
evaluative challenges
Have difficulty with thinking about how clinical conditions and practice e situations may evolve over time?
Assume information is valid when in fact it is not true?
Select incorrect answers because you have difficulty deciding the best course of action in a practice scenario?
Inductive challenges
deductive challenges
inferential challenges
analytical challenges
Feel anxious when you have exam items that are ambiguous, and you cannot find answers to them in a textbook?
Rely on protocols and guidelines more than gut instinct?
Select incorrect answers because you become overwhelmed by exam items that present ethical dilemmas?
Inductive challenges
Deductive Challenges
analytical challenges
Evaluative challenges
Structuring a Review of Professional Education
Plan for 15 min restroom break
Do not take the other practice tests in this book yet
What type of test taker are you?
Must study VS Review
Cramming is not effective
Practice tests can help with this
Develop a study plan
Establish your knowledge, skill level
Areas of strength, weakness
Critique your knowledge
Overview of critical reasoning
Practice exams, questions in this book are labeled what type of critical reasoning they test
5 subskills of critical reasoning
Inductive
Deductive
Analytical
Inference
Evaluative
Critical knowledge is learned during didactic work but also greatly during FW2
Knowledge of topics is important, but being able to accurately answer a question takes more than just topical knowledge
Decision-making process that utilizes a person’s knowledge, skills, experience, and logic to draw conclusions about everyday situations
Recall of basic information. For example, DSM diagnosis, spinal cord levels, wheelchair measurements
Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Analysis
Understanding of information to determine significance, consequences, or implications. For example, the impact of a tenodesis grasp on function.
Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Analysis
