WorksheetsBiology Exam study guide 1
Total questions: 50
Worksheet time: 25mins
What are the formed elements (cellular parts) of the blood?
Plasma
The proteins in the plasma
erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets
lymphatic fluid
Which blood type can be given to people with type AB blood?
only AB blood
A, B, AB, or O
only A
only B
Why is the clotting mechanism described as a positive feedback cycle?
it keeps blood in a liquid state
each step amplifies the previous step
because clotting only occurs after injury
none of the above
Which formed elements (blood cells) are most numerous?
red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets
proteins
Which formed elements of the blood are cell fragments?
red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets
antibodies
Where do we find tissue with stem cells that gives rise to all of our blood cells?
liver
red bone marrow
thymus
spleen
Which protein in red blood cells facilitates oxygen transport?
hemoglobin
immunoglobin
albumin
fibrinogen
Which of the following is true about thrombocytes?
They are white blood cells
They carry Oxygen
They are cell fragments and they form a plug to prevent blood loss
All the above
In the clotting process, fibrinogen is converted to fibrin by the enzyme
plasmin
fibrinogen
thromboplastin
thrombin
A dislodged thrombus that is carried away in the bloodstream is termed a(n)
rhombus
embolus
platelet plug
retraction
A megakaryoblast will develop into
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Thrombocytes
All of the above
Which of the following leukocytes promotes inflammation (for example an allergic response)?
eosinophil
monocyte
lymphocyte
basophil
Considering Rh blood types, which of the following situations could result in maternal antibodies attacking the fetus?
mom is Rh negative and fetus is Rh negative
mom is Rh negative and fetus is Rh positive
mom is Rh positive and fetus is Rh negative
mom is Rh positive and fetus is Rh positive
Which of the following is an anticoagulant?
heparin
fibrinogen
prostacyclin
plasmin
From which vessels does each of the atria receive blood? Which pairing is correct?
vena cavae into right atrium; pulmonary veins into left atrium
aorta into left atrium; pulmonary veins into right atrium
pulmonary arteries into right ventricle; aorta into left atrium
pulmonary trunk into left atrium; aorta into right atrium
Which blood vessels that enter and exit the heart carry oxygenated blood? Which carry deoxygenated blood? Which pairing below is incorrect?
aorta―oxygenated blood
inferior vena cava―deoxygenated blood
pulmonary veins―oxygenated
pulmonary arteries―oxygenated blood
Which component of the cardiac conduction system provides the only electrical connection between the atria and the ventricles?
sinoatrial node
atrioventricular node
atrioventricular bundle
purkinje fibers
What is the path of an action potential through the cardiac conduction system?
sinoatrial node; bundle branches, atrioventricular node; His bundle, purkinje fibers
purkinje node; right and left bundle branches, atrioventricular node; SA fibers
SA node, AV node, AV bundle, right and left bundle branches, purkinje fibers
AV node, SA node, AV bundle branches, purkinje fibers
Which component of the cardiac conduction system sets the pace of contraction in a normal heart (it is nicknamed the pacemaker of the heart)?
pacemaker potential
sinoatrial node
AV node
purkinje pacer
A recording of the electrical changes that accompany the heartbeat is called an ___?
electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
Electrocardiograph (ERG)
electromyogram (EMG)
electroencephalogram (ECP or EPG)
Which of the following waves and phases are paired incorrect?
P wave―atrial depolarization
Q wave―atrial repolarization
QRS complex―ventricular depolarization
T wave―ventricular repolarization
What is the common purpose of valves in the heart, the pulmonary trunk, the aorta, and in the veins?
prevent back-flow of blood
allow back-flow of blood
decrease blood pressure
none of the above
From most superficial to deepest, what are the layers of the pericardium and heart wall?
endocardium, myocardium, epicardium, visceral pericardium, parietal pericardium
fibrous pericardium, parietal layer, visceral layer, myocardium, endocardium
serous pericardium, epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
serous pericardium, fibrous pericardium, epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
Arrange the following in order from atrial systole to ventricular diastole.
1) repolarization of the ventricles begins at the apex and spreads to produce the T-wave
2) an action potential arises in the SA node and propagates throughout the atrial cardiac muscle causing depolarization and the P wave
3) an action potential propagates through the AV bundle and, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers, and entire ventricular myocardium, causing ventricular depolarization and the QRS complex
4) ventricular systole begins shortly after the QRS complex appears
5) ventricular diastole occurs
6) atrial systole occurs
2,5,3,4,1,6
2,6,3,4,1,5
2,6,3,1,4,5
3,6,2,4,1,5
Through which structure does blood pass from the right atrium to the right ventricle?
bicuspid valve
interventricular septum
tricuspid valve
mitral valve
Which of the valves prevents blood from flowing back from the lungs?
tricuspid valve
bicuspid valve
aortic valve
pulmonary valve
This heart structure carries deoxygenated blood.
left atrium and ventricle
left atrium only
right atrium and ventricle
left atrium and right ventricle
Which of the following refers to the period of time during a cardiac cycle when contraction occurs and blood pressure rises?
filling
systole
diastole
fibrillation
What is the purpose of the valves in our heart and veins?
decrease preasure
prevent blood from flowing backwards
increase the volume of these spaces
allow for gases to diffuse out
Which wave corresponds with contraction of the atria?
T wave
S wave
P wave
Q wave
Which heart layer consists of cardiac muscle tissue?
epicardium
pericardium
myocardium
hypocardium
Which of the following regarding the structural and functional differences between arteries, capillaries, and veins is incorrect?
capillaries may be either arterial or venous
arteries have the thicker muscle layer
veins have the bigger lumen
veins can sustain the greatest pressure
All of the following help venous blood return to the heart except:
respiratory pump
thick muscularity of the veins
skeletal muscle pump
presence of venous valves
___ blood pressure is the highest pressure attained in arteries and ___ blood pressure is the lowest arterial pressure.
Diastolic; systolic
Systolic; diastolic
Cardiac; capillary
Arteriole; venule
Why is less blood pressure needed in pulmonary arteries than systemic arteries like the aorta?
the distance traveled is less
less blood goes into the lungs
the pulmonary arteries are huge
they both need the same pressure
The ___ ___ ___ drains blood from above the diaphragm and the ___ ___ ___ drains blood from below the diaphragm.
inferior vena cava; superior vena cava
superior vena cava; inferior vena cava
coronary venous sinus; inferior vena cava
alveolar venous capillaries; hepatic portal veins
The circulatory system's Pulmonary Circuit send oxygen-poor blood where?
to the lungs
to the heart
to the body's systemic tissues
to the gastrointestinal system
An abnormally slow heart rate is called what?
tachycardia
atrial fibrilation
bradycardia
cardioversion
Which artery wall is responsible for contracting and increasing pressure (vasoconstriction)?
tunica interna
tunica media
tunica externa
tunica fascia
The membranous sack that surrounds the heart is called the
endocardium
myocardium
epicardium
pericardium
A resting heart rate that exceeds 100 beats per minute is called
hypercardia
hypertension
tachycardia
bradycardia
How does heart rate affect blood pressure?
slower heart rate increases blood pressure
elevated heart rate lowers blood pressure
elevated heart rate has no effect on blood pressure
elevated heart rate increases blood pressure
Based on what you know about the heart, why is the muscular wall of the left ventricle thicker than that of the right ventricle?
because it needs to conduct more electric current
because the blood in the left side is thicker than the blood in the right side of the heart
because the left ventricle has to pump to the whole body, but the right ventricle just pumps blood to the nearby lungs
all the above contribute to why the left ventricle is thicker
What element is part of hemoglobin molecules?
calcium
iron
iodine
it depends on your blood type
What is the primary function of plasma albumin?
act as an antibody response
transport lipids
serve as an energy source
help maintain osmotic pressure
Platelets release the vasoconstricting substance called __________ as a platelet plug forms.
serotonin
fibrin
collagen
plasma
What must occur in order for a blood clot to form
erythrocytes must breakdown
thrombin must attract lymphocytes
fibrinogen in the blood converts to fibrin
vitamin K must be in very low amounts
What feature of erythrocytes (RBCs) provides increased surface area for oxygen diffusion?
they have microvilli
they have antigens
they have no mitochondria
they have a biconcave shape
Name the hormone that stimulates red blood cell formation.
thrombopoietin
interleukin
erythropoietin
colony-stimulating factor
Which leukocyte would respond to a parasitic worm infection?
thrombocyte
basophile
erythrocyte
eosinophil
