Tends to elongate the body.

Tends to shorten the body.

Unit Load.

Unit Elongation.

Straight Line; stress is proportional to strain Hooke's Law, upper limit on the usable stress a material can carry also a maximum stress to which the material may be subjected.

The stress beyond which the material will not return to its original shape when unloaded but will retain a permanent deformation called permanent set;

There is an appreciable elongation or yielding of the material without any corresponding increase of load; indeed the load may be actually decreased while the yielding occurs. This is a peculiar to structural steel.

Associated with yield point, for materials which do not have a well-defined yield point, yield strength is determined by the offset method.

The highest ordinate on the stress strain curve.

Stress at failure, for structural steel it is lower than ultimate strength.

Stress due to a bending moment about the perpendicular axis of the member.

An articulated structure composed of links or bars assumed to be connected by the frictionless pins at the joints and arranged so that an area enclosed within the boundaries of the structure is subdivided by the bars into geometric figures which are usually triangles.

-Joints are equilibrium

- Axial forces of members enclosing a triangle forms a force

- Polygon

- Analysis must start at a joint with known external forces and must have two members connecting that joint.

A process used to solve for the unknown forces acting on members of a truss.

The method involves breaking the truss down into individual sections and analyzing each section as a separate rigid body.

It is usually the fastest and easiest way to determine the unknown forces acting in a specific member of the truss.

The method centers on the joints or connection points between the members.

It is usually the fastest and easiest way to solve for all the unknown forces in a truss structure.

Usually horizontal or nearly horizontal element carrying a stress primarily due to shear and flexure. It usually carry a load directly from the floor.

It is a structure in which the reaction components and internal stresses can be completely determined using the equations of static equilibrium

It is a stable structure in which the reaction components and internal stress cannot be solved completely using the equations of static equilibrium.

Refers to the number of unknown over and above the equations of static equilibrium.

Refers to the movement of a beam or node from its original position due to the forces and loads being applied to the member.

For members supporting or attached to non-structural elements not likely to be damaged by large deflection.

For members not supporting or attached to non-structural elements likely to be damaged by large deflections (immediate deflection due to live load only)

For members carrying flat roofs not supporting or attached to non-structural elements likely to be damaged by large deflections.

For members roof or floor construction supporting or attached to non-structural likely to be damaged by large deflections.

What type of Frame is this?

What type of Frame is this?

What type of Frame is this?

What type of Frame is this?

What type of Frame is this?

What type of Frame is this?

Inflection points are at midspan of all members.

Quantity that has both magnitude and direction

Solving deflection and slope of a beam at any point because we will be able to get the equation of the elastic curve.

Uses the area of moment divided by the flexural rigidity diagram of a beam to determine the deflection and slope along the beam.

Calculated by the work done by the structure's member to deflect the member under the action of external loads.

Engineering method to derive the slope and displacement of a beam. The method is based on the principle of statics.

The slope or deflection at any point on the beam is equal to the resultant of the slopes or deflections at that point caused by each of the load acting separately.

Castigliano’s Theorem

A point at which a structure changes curvature on convex to concave or vice versa as it deflects under a transverse load: Theoretically an internal hinge & therefore a point of zero moment.