Son and successor of Shah Jahan; pushed extent of Mughal control in India; reversed previous policies to purify Islam of Hindu influences; incessant warfare depleted the empire’s resources; died in 1707.

He was originally Zahir al-Din Muhammad, a Chagatai Turk who claimed descent from both Chinggis Khan and Tamerlane. He conquered much of northern India and perceived himself to be more of a soldier and an adventurer than an empire builder or religious crusader.

The center of Safavid power in the seventeenth century created by Shah Abbas. Great Plaza at Isfahan Significance. Represents the unification of trade, government, and religion under one supreme political authority.

Was the founder of the Safavid Dynasty of Iran, ruling as its King of Kings from 1501 to 1524.

An effective ruler who conquered Taiwan and extended his control into Central Asia and Tibet, and Qianlong (1736–1795), a sophisticated and enlightened ruler who extended the Chinese empire south into Vietnam, Burma, and Nepal.

Turkic military slaves who formed part of the army of the Abbasid Caliphate in the ninth and tenth centuries; they founded their own state in Egypt and Syria from the thirteenth to early sixteenth centuries

A community of hunters, fishermen, and farmers from the lands to the northeast of China, soon ousted the Shun and established the Qing Dynasty. 

“the Conqueror”; Ottoman sultan; captured Constantinople, 1453, and destroyed the Byzantine Empire.

Ruled China from 1368 to 1644 A.D., during which China's population would double. Known for its trade expansion to the outside world that established cultural ties with the West, it is also remembered for its drama, literature, and world-renowned porcelain.

An Islamic imperial power that ruled a large portion of Indian subcontinent which began in 1526, invaded and ruled most of Hindustan (South Asia) by the late 17th and early 18th centuries, and ended in the mid-19th century. 

Russian principality that emerged gradually during the era of Mongol domination. 

A former Turkish empire that was founded about 1300 by Osman and reached its greatest territorial extent under Suleiman in the 16th century; collapsed after World War.

Created a multiethnic empire that was larger than any earlier Chinese dynasty. Was an empire led by the Manchu ethnic group, which ruled China from AD 1644 to AD 1911.

Founded by a Turkic nomad family with Shi’a Islamic beliefs; established a kingdom in Iran and ruled until 1722

Established a code of laws, was a patron of the arts, and led the Ottoman Empire to the height of its military and political power.

Was the founder of the Tokugawa shogunate in Japan which ruled from 1600 to 1868. Was the shogun for 13 years. He was born to a minor daimyo house and became an ally of a man named Hideyoshi. was the founder of the Tokugawa shogunate in Japan which ruled from 1600 to 1868. 

Feudal regime of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieysau and ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family. From the late 16th century to the mid 18th century.

Is the largest branch of Shīʿa Islam, comprising about 85 percent of all Shīʿa Muslims.

Was the founder and first emporer of the Ming Dynasty. Drove out Mongol influence; restored position of scholar-gentry.