WorksheetsCultural Anthropology Final Exam
Total questions: 45
Worksheet time: 28mins
What are the three kinds of reciprocity?
Generalized
Balance
Negative
Specialized
Generalized Reciprocity
Each party works to receive more than the other (bargaining, Cheating)
includes expectation of return without reciprocation w/appropriate time frame; sys can falter and relationship may end
no careful calculation of value and timing of repayment; not predetermined. Used for cultivating very close social relations
each person gives with a time limit and tries to cheat each other out of a bargain
Balanced Reciprocity
Each party works to receive more than the other (bargaining, Cheating)
includes expectation of return without reciprocation w/appropriate time frame; sys can falter and relationship may end
no careful calculation of value and timing of repayment; not predetermined. Used for cultivating very close social relations
each person gives with a time limit and tries to cheat each other out of a bargain
Negative Reciprocity
Each party works to receive more than the other (bargaining, Cheating)
includes expectation of return without reciprocation w/appropriate time frame; sys can falter and relationship may end
no careful calculation of value and timing of repayment; not predetermined. Used for cultivating very close social relations
each person gives with a time limit and tries to cheat each other out of a bargain
9 levels of grading value that shows the importance of who owns it; trade is primarily for the purpose of enhancing one's social status and prestige
The Niger Ring
Egalitarianism
The Kula Ring
Potlatch
Inalienable Possession
things kept out of commodity exchange/considered unethical to exchange
competitive and strategic aspect of gift-giving more than one's competitors
wealth isn't stratified but prestige and status are
act of gift-giving; accumulated wealth is collected from members and reallocated in a different pattern
Ranked Societies
things kept out of commodity exchange/considered unethical to exchange
competitive and strategic aspect of gift-giving more than one's competitors
wealth isn't stratified but prestige and status are
act of gift-giving; accumulated wealth is collected from members and reallocated in a different pattern
Imbalanced Exchange
things kept out of commodity exchange/considered unethical to exchange
competitive and strategic aspect of gift-giving more than one's competitors
wealth isn't stratified but prestige and status are
act of gift-giving; accumulated wealth is collected from members and reallocated in a different pattern
Redistribution
things kept out of commodity exchange/considered unethical to exchange
competitive and strategic aspect of gift-giving more than one's competitors
wealth isn't stratified but prestige and status are
act of gift-giving; accumulated wealth is collected from members and reallocated in a different pattern
Where do the remaining food foragers often live?
in the mountains
somewhere over the rainbow
in environments where other strategies for food production aren't sustainable
in environments where one can grow as much vegetables they want
Political Organization
share resources to ensure success; w/absence of hierarchy and violence
people rejecting attempts by an individual to exercise power by using ridicule, criticism, disobedience, and strong disapproval
elaborate redistribution ceremony practiced among Kwakiutl of Pacific Northwest
ways power is accumulated, arranged, executed, and structurally embodied in society
Potlatch
share resources to ensure success; w/absence of hierarchy and violence
people rejecting attempts by an individual to exercise power by using ridicule, criticism, disobedience, and strong disapproval
elaborate redistribution ceremony practiced among Kwakiutl of Pacific Northwest
ways power is accumulated, arranged, executed, and structurally embodied in society
Egalitarianism
share resources to ensure success; w/absence of hierarchy and violence
people rejecting attempts by an individual to exercise power by using ridicule, criticism, disobedience, and strong disapproval
elaborate redistribution ceremony practiced among Kwakiutl of Pacific Northwest
ways power is accumulated, arranged, executed, and structurally embodied in society
Reverse Dominance
share resources to ensure success; w/absence of hierarchy and violence
people rejecting attempts by an individual to exercise power by using ridicule, criticism, disobedience, and strong disapproval
elaborate redistribution ceremony practiced among Kwakiutl of Pacific Northwest
ways power is accumulated, arranged, executed, and structurally embodied in society
Chiefdoms
small kinship-based group of food foragers; 20-100 people; decisions made by consensus; minimal stratification of wealth and power
Social org based on villages and kinship groups; power structures egalitarian; some leaders emerge but power is limited based on achieved status
Autonomous political unit composed of a number of villages and communities; consolidated power structure
Autonomous regional structure of polit, econ, and military rule w/central gov authorized to make laws and use forces to maintain order and define its territory
Tribes
small kinship-based group of food foragers; 20-100 people; decisions made by consensus; minimal stratification of wealth and power
Social org based on villages and kinship groups; power structures egalitarian; some leaders emerge but power is limited based on achieved status
Autonomous political unit composed of a number of villages and communities; consolidated power structure
Autonomous regional structure of polit, econ, and military rule w/central gov authorized to make laws and use forces to maintain order and define its territory
States
small kinship-based group of food foragers; 20-100 people; decisions made by consensus; minimal stratification of wealth and power
Social org based on villages and kinship groups; power structures egalitarian; some leaders emerge but power is limited based on achieved status
Autonomous political unit composed of a number of villages and communities; consolidated power structure
Autonomous regional structure of polit, econ, and military rule w/central gov authorized to make laws and use forces to maintain order and define its territory
Bands
small kinship-based group of food foragers; 20-100 people; decisions made by consensus; minimal stratification of wealth and power
Social org based on villages and kinship groups; power structures egalitarian; some leaders emerge but power is limited based on achieved status
Autonomous political unit composed of a number of villages and communities; consolidated power structure
Autonomous regional structure of polit, econ, and military rule w/central gov authorized to make laws and use forces to maintain order and define its territory
Achieved Status
Type of state that has borders and an idea that people will share common values, ideas, origin stories, and practices
When only powers within state can use violence
Acquired status
Assigned status
Ascribed Status
Type of state that has borders and an idea that people will share common values, ideas, origin stories, and practices
When only powers within state can use violence
Acquired status
Assigned status
Monopoly on legitimate violence
Type of state that has borders and an idea that people will share common values, ideas, origin stories, and practices
When only powers within state can use violence
Acquired status
Assigned status
Monopoly on legitimate violence
Type of state that has borders and an idea that people will share common values, ideas, origin stories, and practices
When only powers within state can use violence
Acquired status
Assigned status
Nation-State
Type of state that has borders and an idea that people will share common values, ideas, origin stories, and practices
When only powers within state can use violence
Acquired status
Assigned status
Most states today existed before WW2
False
True
Militarization
the ability of a dominant group to create consent and agreement in a population without the use/threat of force
the consented social process in which a civil society organizes for the production of military violence
Hegemony
the ability of a dominant group to create consent and agreement in a population without the use/threat of force
the consented social process in which a civil society organizes for the production of military violence
What are the 7 Core Elements of Religious Beliefs and Practices?
Communitas
Act that is repeated over years that embody the belief of the group of people that create a sense of community
enacts a change of status from one life stage to another (individual or group)
the blending of 2+ religious belief systems into a new system
Sense of camaraderie, common vision of what constitutes the good life
Religious Syncretism
Act that is repeated over years that embody the belief of the group of people that create a sense of community
enacts a change of status from one life stage to another (individual or group)
the blending of 2+ religious belief systems into a new system
Sense of camaraderie, common vision of what constitutes the good life
Ritual
Act that is repeated over years that embody the belief of the group of people that create a sense of community
enacts a change of status from one life stage to another (individual or group)
the blending of 2+ religious belief systems into a new system
Sense of camaraderie, common vision of what constitutes the good life
Rite of Passage
Act that is repeated over years that embody the belief of the group of people that create a sense of community
enacts a change of status from one life stage to another (individual or group)
the blending of 2+ religious belief systems into a new system
Sense of camaraderie, common vision of what constitutes the good life
return individual to everyday life and reintegrates into ritual community
Separation
Liminality
Reincorporation
Phys, psych, symbolically remove from the normal, day to day activity of the group
Separation
Liminality
Reincorporation
Involves a period of outsider hood during which the ritual participant is set apart from society
Separation
Liminality
Reincorporation
Health
complete phys, mental, and social well-being; overall concept of a sound mind and body
discrete, natural entity that is clinically identified and treated by a health pro
individual's exp of being unwell
comparative study of local sys of health and healing rooted in cult specific norms and values
Illness
complete phys, mental, and social well-being; overall concept of a sound mind and body
discrete, natural entity that is clinically identified and treated by a health pro
individual's exp of being unwell
comparative study of local sys of health and healing rooted in cult specific norms and values
Disease
complete phys, mental, and social well-being; overall concept of a sound mind and body
discrete, natural entity that is clinically identified and treated by a health pro
individual's exp of being unwell
comparative study of local sys of health and healing rooted in cult specific norms and values
Ethnomedicine
complete phys, mental, and social well-being; overall concept of a sound mind and body
discrete, natural entity that is clinically identified and treated by a health pro
individual's exp of being unwell
comparative study of local sys of health and healing rooted in cult specific norms and values
Culture-bound syndrome
applies principles of bio and nat sci (chem and physics) to practices of Dx and promote healing
implicit and explicit bias of overweight individuals that is rooted in a sense of blame and presumed moral failing
cultural attitudes affect how medical conditions will be perceived and how individuals with wider health problems will be perceived by community
combo of psych and somatic symptoms considered a recognizable disease within a culture
Fatphobia
applies principles of bio and nat sci (chem and physics) to practices of Dx and promote healing
implicit and explicit bias of overweight individuals that is rooted in a sense of blame and presumed moral failing
cultural attitudes affect how medical conditions will be perceived and how individuals with wider health problems will be perceived by community
combo of psych and somatic symptoms considered a recognizable disease within a culture
Biomedicine
applies principles of bio and nat sci (chem and physics) to practices of Dx and promote healing
implicit and explicit bias of overweight individuals that is rooted in a sense of blame and presumed moral failing
cultural attitudes affect how medical conditions will be perceived and how individuals with wider health problems will be perceived by community
combo of psych and somatic symptoms considered a recognizable disease within a culture
Stigma
applies principles of bio and nat sci (chem and physics) to practices of Dx and promote healing
implicit and explicit bias of overweight individuals that is rooted in a sense of blame and presumed moral failing
cultural attitudes affect how medical conditions will be perceived and how individuals with wider health problems will be perceived by community
combo of psych and somatic symptoms considered a recognizable disease within a culture
view disease as the result of the "active purposeful intervention of an agent, who may be human, nonhuman, or supernatural"
Personalistic
Naturalistic
diseases are thought to be the result of natural forces such as "cold, heat, winds, dampness, and above all, by an upset in the balance of the basic body elements"
Personalistic
Naturalistic
Culture-Bond Syndrome Aspects:
