Worksheetschapter 11+12
Total questions: 39
Worksheet time: 20mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
In the nature versus nurture controversy, most contemporary theorists believe that
a)
all personality traits are determined solely by environmental factors.
b)
all personality traits are determined solely by biological factors.
c)
some personality traits are determined solely by biological factors, and all others are determined entirely by environmental factors.
d)
heredity and the environment both affect each other in a complex way in the development of personality traits.
2.
Cattell defined personality as
a)
the enduring internal characteristics of an individual.
b)
observable behavior and the observable precedents and consequences of this behavior.
c)
that which permits prediction of what an individual will do.
d)
libidinal drive.
3.
With regard to personality, Cattell emphasized the ability to
a)
control
b)
predict
c)
explain
d)
describe
4.
What distinguishes source traits from surface traits?
a)
Source traits refer to overt behaviors; surface traits are the underlying variables.
b)
Source traits are psychological; surface traits are physical.
c)
Source traits are much more numerous than surface traits.
d)
Source traits allow for prediction; surface traits are merely descriptive.
5.
Cattell’s best known and widely used assessment test is the
a)
TAT.
b)
NEO-PI-R.
c)
MMPI-2.
d)
16PF.
6.
According to Cattell, the study of source traits is important because
a)
source traits lead to the biological sources of behavior.
b)
source traits allow us to make behavioral predictions.
c)
we can use the findings to effect change for those traits.
d)
such research is the first step in controlling deviant behavior.
7.
The statistical procedure that Cattell used to find relationships among traits is
a)
trait analysis.
b)
criterion analysis.
c)
factor analysis.
d)
analysis of variance.
8.
Dr. Henderson is a psychologist conducting empirical research on personality variables. She asks participants to complete questionnaires that measure 100 different personality characteristics. Then she uses a statistical procedure in which she examines correlations among the 100 personality variables, with the assumption that if some of them cluster together, they may tap into the same underlying characteristic. The statistical procedure Dr. Henderson uses is known as
a)
multiple regression.
b)
the t-test.
c)
factor analysis.
d)
analysis of variance.
9.
Which step in the process of factor analysis is most objective?
a)
Deciding which variables to study
b)
Extracting the factors
c)
Interpreting the factors
d)
Labeling the factors
10.
As part of her graduate dissertation, Nadine gives a group of personality tests to fourth-graders. Included among these tests is a measure of popularity that she herself authored. Factor analysis of her data yields two factors: extraversion and creativity. Nadine then finds that her popularity measure had a high positive correlation with the extraversion factor and a high negative correlation with the creativity factor. What do the results mean?
a)
The popularity measure is strongly related to both extraversion and creativity.
b)
The popularity measure is strongly related to creativity but not to extraversion.
c)
The popularity measure is strongly related to extraversion but not to creativity.
d)
The popularity measure is unrelated to either extraversion or creativity.
11.
Syntality is Cattell’s term for dimensions that permit us to assess the personality of
a)
individuals of ethnic background.
b)
infants and children.
c)
groups and institutions.
d)
lower species.
12.
Which of the following is one of the Big Five personality factors?
a)
Anxiety
b)
Egotism
c)
Openness
d)
Creativity
13.
What is the acronym for the Big Five?
a)
COAST
b)
OCEAN
c)
OUNCE
d)
COUNT
14.
How did an analysis of language provide support for the Big Five?
a)
It demonstrated that people describe one another in terms of a common set of five factors.
b)
It disproved the lexical hypothesis.
c)
It proved that the five factors are valid only in a limited range of cultures.
d)
It uncovered the underlying causal traits of people’s behavior.
15.
Which of the following assessment tools was developed to measure the Big Five?
a)
Cattell 16PF
b)
Eysenck Personality Inventory
c)
NEO-PI-R
d)
Rogers’s Q-Sort Test
16.
Dr. Wilson is a psychologist who asserts that psychologists would benefit by adapting the Five-Factor Model in their understanding of certain mental disorders. Which of the following is most likely to be true with regard to Dr. Wilson’s beliefs?
a)
Dr. Wilson believes that normal people are qualitatively, rather than quantitatively, different from abnormal people.
b)
Dr. Wilson agrees with the prevailing DSM-IV-TR method of describing mental disorders.
c)
Dr. Wilson’s belief is without empirical support.
d)
Dr. Wilson’s belief is consistent with the dimensional approach to psychopathology.
17.
Relative to the current DSM-IV-TR system of classifying mental disorders, the Five-Factor Model suggests
a)
a continuum between normality and abnormality.
b)
a larger number of diagnoses in the mood disorders category.
c)
a larger number of diagnoses in the psychotic disorders category.
d)
that people with disorders are qualitatively rather than quantitatively different from those without disorders.
18.
On the NEO-PI-R, Martina scores high on Extraversion, while Steve scores low on Extraversion. According to the research on the Five-Factor Model and types of psychological treatment (e.g., Funder & Sneed, 1993),
a)
group therapy may be a better fit for Martina than for Steve.
b)
both Martina and Steve are likely to fail in psychotherapy.
c)
neither Martina nor Steve will benefit from psychoanalysis.
d)
hypnosis is likely to benefit both Martina and Steve.
19.
Tom has antisocial personality disorder. According to recent correlational research (e.g., Miller & Lyman, 2003), which of the following results is most likely from a measurement of Tom’s Big Five personality traits?
a)
Low Agreeableness
b)
Low Neuroticism
c)
High Conscientiousness
d)
Low Extraversion
20.
Dr. Rodriguez, a psychologist, believes that people with psychological disorders simply have more or less of the characteristics we all have rather than some unique or foreign characteristic in their personality. Which of the following statements is also most likely to be true with regard to Dr. Rodriguez?
a)
Dr. Rodriguez is critical of diagnostic applications of the Five-Factor Model.
b)
Dr. Rodriguez is critical of the continuum-based approach to disorders.
c)
Dr. Rodriguez is critical of the manner in which Allport distinguished neurotic and healthy personalities.
d)
Dr. Rodriguez is critical of group psychotherapy.
21.
Which of the following questions best summarizes the recent research on the relationship between the Big Five and DSM-IV-TR disorders?
a)
To what extent is perceived psychopathology actually a byproduct of cultural differences?
b)
Does psychopathology represent a qualitative or quantitative difference from normality?
c)
Into how many different disorders should the mood disorders category of DSM-IV-TR be subdivided?
d)
Precisely how many basic personality traits does each individual possess?
22.
Questionnaires measuring the Big Five have been particularly helpful in providing diagnostic information for which category of DSM-IV-TR disorders?
a)
Anxiety disorders
b)
Mood disorders
c)
Eating disorders
d)
Personality disorders
23.
The DSM-5 is due to be published in May 2013. Which of the following statements is false with regard to this DSM revision?
a)
Revisions to the current classification system (DSM-IV-TR) were influenced by the FFM.
b)
The DSM-5 revision is expected to utilize a hybrid model of personality disorders, integrating dimensional and categorical approaches.
c)
The DSM-5 revision reflects the idea that psychological disorders are distinctly different characteristics in the individuals diagnosed with them, rather than the extremes of normal characteristics.
d)
The revisions in the DSM-5 will enable therapists to work with the DSM in new ways in order to provide accurate diagnosis of symptoms.
24.
Eysenck believed that a theory of personality should be grounded in the research from which two fields of psychology?
a)
Cognitive and clinical psychology
b)
Developmental and social psychology
c)
Psychoanalytic and humanist psychology
d)
Psychometrics and experimental psychology
25.
Eysenck’s theory focuses on the interaction of
a)
biology and philosophy.
b)
individual differences and general human characteristics.
c)
personality factors and physiological characteristics.
d)
scientific experimentation and introspective studies.
26.
In constructing and revising his model, Eysenck first hypothesized a relationship among personality traits. Then he
a)
conducted factor analytic studies to identify such trait clusters.
b)
constructed a biological theory to explain the hypothesized relationship.
c)
rethought the theory in view of the predicted correlations.
d)
set up naturalistic experiments to test his hypotheses.
27.
Eysenck’s use of factor analysis differed from Cattell’s in that Eysenck
a)
began with a hypothesis regarding underlying variables and proceeded to test it with factor analysis.
b)
drew conclusions based on the clusters that appear as a result of the process of factor analysis.
c)
regarded factor analysis as the last step in constructing his model of personality.
d)
used a more inductive approach.
28.
Beginning at the bottom of the hierarchy and moving to the top, which is the correct order of Eysenck’s hierarchy of personality?
a)
Basic types, generalized traits, habitual responses, and specific responses
b)
Specific responses, habitual responses, generalized traits, and basic types
c)
Basic types, habitual responses, generalized traits, and specific responses
d)
Specific responses, generalized traits, habitual responses, and basic types
29.
Jonathan hosts parties for his friends on a regular basis. Eysenck would place this ongoing pattern of behavior at the _____ level of his hierarchy of personality.
a)
type
b)
trait
c)
habitual response
d)
specific response
30.
Eysenck referred to _________ when he described “. . . people whose emotions are labile, strong, and easily aroused; they are moody, touchy . . . .”
a)
emotionality
b)
psychoticism
c)
extraversion
d)
sociability
31.
When her parents took her to the opera for the first time, seven-year-old Lois stuck her fingers in her ears and kept them there the entire evening. In Eysenck’s hierarchy, this behavior would be classified as a
a)
basic type.
b)
generalized response.
c)
habitual response.
d)
specific response.
32.
How is Eysenck’s superfactor of psychoticism different from the other two superfactors?
a)
It is only found among Western cultures.
b)
It has no opposing dimension.
c)
It is found only among males.
d)
It appears later in life.
33.
Following his research in the first two superfactors, Eysenck investigated a third one. What is this?
a)
Neuroticism
b)
Extraversion
c)
Psychoticism
d)
Agreeableness
34.
Cross-cultural studies of Eysenck’s genetic determinants of the three major superfactors suggests that
a)
the superfactors are universal personality dimensions.
b)
the superfactors are not stable over the course of an individual’s life.
c)
additional superfactors are likely to be identified.
d)
the superfactors are more easily assessed in males than in females.
35.
One difference between the theories of Eysenck and Cattell is that Eysenck
a)
dealt with factors that are correlated, whereas Cattell dealt with independent factors.
b)
emphasized traits, whereas Cattell emphasized supertraits.
c)
dealt with specific dimensions in assessing personality, whereas Cattell considered the scope of personality to be broader.
d)
thought that Cattell underestimated the importance and value of factor analysis.
36.
In Eysenck’s view, what was problematic in the personality inventories that preceded criterion analysis?
a)
They began with a hypothesis about a possible underlying variable.
b)
They were scored by comparing the participant’s answers with those of pretested groups.
c)
They were scored by trying to interpret the answers to each question.
d)
Their scores were regarded objectively as just marks on paper.
37.
Reginald recently took a personality test that measures the Big Five traits. He scores very high on openness. How would Eysenck interpret these findings?
a)
Reginald will be likely to score very high on neuroticism.
b)
Reginald will be likely to score very high on extraversion.
c)
Reginald will be likely to score very high on introversion.
d)
Openness is a cognitive ability trait, not a temperament, and should be measured by an appropriate IQ test.
38.
Eysenck was critical of early rating forms and inventories used in personality research because
a)
their authors mistakenly assumed that individuals answer questions truthfully.
b)
they were written at an above-average literacy level, which precluded their use by many individuals with poor reading skills.
c)
testing conditions that were identical for everyone could not be established.
d)
the tests were timed, which placed stress on the individuals taking them and lead to skewed results.
39.
When Eysenck chose criterion analysis as the method by which he constructed his personality questionnaires, he made it clear that
a)
he was not concerned with the underlying reasons why test-takers answered questions in particular ways.
b)
reading proficiency should not influence the personality assessment process.
c)
he preferred projective tests to objective tests.
d)
he was not concerned about the length of time required to complete his questionnaires.
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