Globalization in the (a)   definition, the word gets softened to globalization, but it is still chilly and distant.

Globalization in French,

(a)  

Globalization in Chinese,

(a)  

Globalization in Kiswahili

(a)  

______ ______________, a former professor at the Harvard Business School, is widely credited with popularizing the term which he used in a 1983 Harvard Business Review article, ‘The Globalization of Markets’.

(a)  

says, ‘There is an obvious first lesson to draw from this language trap: it is necessary to separate out the two meanings of the - izations in any critical analysis’

(a)  

Globalization and media act in concert towards’ its growing (a)  

Three periods of Music (Globalization):

(a)  

(a)   one thing that we humans share (language). We communicate basically via verbal and non-verbal cues, that is still universal to us and is part of our language

(a)   language was essential but imperfect. Distance causes trouble for oral communication.

Language relies on (a)   , which is limited in capacity and not always perfect.

(a)   the very first writing that allowed humans to communicate and share knowledge and ideas over much larger spaces and across much longer times.

Where did writing happened first

(a)  

China, printing via (a)  

Johannes Gutenberg in Germany, introduced the (a)   type printing, that made reading materials cheap and easily circulated.

(a)   in the nineteenth century, a host of new media would transform the ongoing processes of globalization.

Scholars have come to call these (a)   because they require electromagnetic energy – electricity – to use.

What are the types of electronic media that we have before

(a)  

(a)   are most often electronic media that rely on digital codes – the long arcane combinations of 0s and 1s that represent information

Media have been essential to the growth of (a)   in our world.

Media have made economic globalization possible by creating the conditions for (a)   and by promoting the conceptual foundation of the world's market economy.

(a)   a rising global imaginary – the globe itself as the imagined community.

Political scientist (a)   primary focus was the origin of nations and nationalism.

(a)   , the imagination is not a trifling fantasy but a ‘social fact’ and a ‘staging ground for action’.

Global imaginary (a)   , media has connected the world in ways that create a ‘global village’.

Economic globalization, is not just dollars and cents, but (a)   – narratives that make natural the buying and selling of products across borders and boundaries and mythic celebrations of products and consumption.

Economic and cultural globalization arguably would be impossible without a global commercial media system to promote global markets and to encourage consumer values’.

(a)  

call global media ‘the new missionaries of global capitalism’. Oligopoly.

(a)  

Transnational conglomerates, people are encouraged to think of products, not politics. They are consumers, not (a)  

An essential process of globalization is (a)  

Globalization has transformed world politics in profound ways. It led to the formation and then the overthrow of kingdoms and empires. It led to the creation of the (a)  

(a)   suggests that cultures are different, strong, and resilient

(a)   are the primary carriers of culture (newspapers, magazines, movies, advertisements, television, radio, the Internet, and other forms, the media production and display cultural products, from pop songs to top films).

(a)   suggests that globalization will bring about a growing sameness of cultures.

(a)   suggests that globalization will bring about an increasing blending or mixture of cultures.

(a)   the media and globalization are facts of life in local cultures

(a)   is a multifaceted movement that has caused the onset of secularization in Western societies.

(a)   argues, theorizing religion and globalization has been subject to two different lines of interpretation: globalization of religion versus globalization and religion.

(a)   proposes that the very notion of what constitutes a ‘religion’, as commonly understood, is the product of a long-term process of inter civilizational or cross-cultural interactions.

(a)   is a means of describing solutions to new-found situations that people face as a result of migration, it comes as two quite distinct blends of religious universalism and local particularism.

Transnational religion, used to describe cases of institutional (a)   , whereby communities living outside the national territory of particular states maintain religious attachments to their home churches or institutions.

(a)   involves the consideration of an entire range of responses as outcomes instead of a singlemaster narrative of secularization and modernization (Beyer, 2007).

Four concrete forms of globalization:

(a)  

Contemporary conflicts with which religion has been associated are not solely about religion, however, if one means by ‘ (a)   ’ a set of doctrines and beliefs.

it usually invokes pleasant images of travel, exploration and ‘worldly’ pursuits enjoyed by those who have benefited from globalization…

(a)  

According to (a)   global cities are the ‘command centres’, the main nodes of triumphant global capitalism (even more triumphant and global after the fall of its only real-life competitor- communism- at that time).

Sassen argued that “the more globalized the economy becomes, the higher the agglomeration of central functions in a relatively few sites”- that is the (a)   .

(a)   are decidedly post-industrial while large manufacturing agglomerations are now place outside- that is normally the slum-ridden “megacities” of the Third World.

Zukin describes the process of switching to a “______ economy” as a “cultural turn” in the advanced societies where a “______ economy”, based on abstract products such as financial instruments, information and “culture” (art, fashion, music, etc.)

(a)  

(a)   the process whereby the character of a poor urban area is changed by wealthier people moving in.

Global cities are also concentrations of geopolitical power, and cultural and trendsetting powerhouses, higher education hubs and playgrounds of creative industries, such as arts, fashion, and design

(a)  

Over the past three decades, the globalization of the labour markets has created a new type of professional nomadism... A highly “ (a)   ” environment- a crucible of demographic and social change: a hub of “creative destruction” that according to Moretti (2012:148) characterizes successful market economies.

Globalization has only created the global labour market, causing an increase in transnational mobility and migration but has simultaneously affected labour markets (Castles and Miller, 2003). (a)   has been markedly increasing since the early 1970s, especially in the English-speaking countries which are the most dynamic in this respect.

The (a)   are the most footloose section of the population: the professional middle class, having in general, more control and autonomy in their workplace, and a tendency to understand their working as a “career” often change jobs and many are ready to relocate to another city or country (Colic- Peisker, 2010: Moretti, 2012).

The (a)   workers often move jobs by necessity but not as ready to move between cities and countries. These two sections of the increasingly polarized workforce fit nicely into the classical dichotomy of “cosmopolitan vs. locals” proposed by Merton back in the 1950s and further developed by Gouldner in the late 1970s.

The international education market, which nowadays move considerable middle- class populations of young people across the globe, represents a significant potential on the “ (a)   ” in large, attractive cities. All cities worthy of the “global city” title are nowadays magnets for international students.

Following Moretti’s (2012)- it is plausible that global cities indeed need to be brain hubs and good human ecosystems attracting and retaining the creative class…therefore, cities remain the critical ‘ (a)   ’ by attracting the crucial workforce of the ‘creative capitalism (Florida 2005: 29).

The socioeconomic dynamic of the global city gives primacy to the consumer culture, which promises (a)   .