The ability of instrumental musicians to exert optimal control of their instruments in order to produce the precise musical effects they desire.

The distribution of elements within a composition so that no one element dominates (an even distribution of energy/sound)

Indicates how many counts are in each measure and which type of note will receive once count. (The top number tells us the number of beats in each measure. The bottom number tells us what note values those beats are.)

On a staff that normally carries parts for two players, both players are to play the single part in unison.

A directive in ensemble music that instructs one section of instruments to divide into two or more separate sections, each performing a separate part.

A fundamental musical parameter that determines how a single note or other discrete event is sounded.

The pitch reference to which a group of musical instruments are tuned for a performance.

How many beats per minute.

The position and use of lips, tongue, and teeth in playing a wind instrument.

The part of a percussionist’s grip that is the main lever for the drumstick/mallet to rotate.

Without the mute.

A seven note scale that consists of a series of whole steps and half steps.

A form of a minor scale with half steps between 2-3, 5-6 and 7-8.

Similar to a major scale, but it features a few half steps where the major scale would have whole steps.

A minor scale with raised sixth and seventh scale degrees, but only when ascending.

All instruments performing together (used as a direction in music).