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Biology - Unit 4

Total questions: 48

Worksheet time: 49mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The different forms of a gene are called

a)

Traits

b)

Pollinations

c)

alleles

d)

hybrids

2.

The arctic fox is blue-gray in the summer and white in the winter. What most likely influence(s) this change?

a)

Genes and the environment

b)

Dominant alleles

c)

The environment alone

d)

Codominant alleles

3.

Darwin noticed that many organisms seemed well suited to

a)

Being preserved as fossils

b)

Providing humans with food

c)

Surviving in the environments in which they lived

4.

Biologists in Darwin’s time had already begun to understand that living things change over time. How did Darwin contribute to these ideas?

a)

He found many fossils that showed that these changes could not possibly happen on islands.

b)

He figured out and explained how these changes happened and supported his ideas with evidence.

5.

Darwin first began to formulate his concept of evolution by natural selection after

a)

Experimenting with animals

b)

Observing patterns among the geographical location of certain species

c)

Reading the writings of Wallace

d)

Agreeing with Lamarck about the driving force behind evolution

6.

People of Charles Darwin’s time understood that fossils were

a)

Preserved remains of ancient organisms

b)

Available for every organism that ever lived

c)

Unrelated to living species

d)

Evidence for the evolution of life on Earth

7.

 When a dairy farmer chooses to breed cows that give the most milk in the herd, the farmers are following the principle of

a)

Acquired characteristics

b)

Descent with modification

c)

Artificial selection

d)

Natural selection

8.

When farmers select animals or plants to use for breeding, they look for

a)

Species that are perfect and unchanging

b)

Homologous structures

c)

Characteristics acquired during the lifetime of the organism

d)

Natural variations that are present in a species

9.

When a farmer breeds only his or her best livestock, the process involved is

a)

Natural selection

b)

Artificial selection

c)

Artificial variation

d)

Survival of the fittest

10.

According to Darwin’s theory of natural selection, individuals who survive are the ones best adapted for their environment. Their survival is due to the

a)

Possession of adaptations developed through use

b)

Possession of inherited adaptations that maximize fitness

c)

Lack of competition within the species

11.

Charles Darwin called the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its specific environment

a)

Diversity

b)

Fitness

c)

Adaptation

d)

evolution

12.

 According to Darwin’s theory of natural selection, the individuals that tend to survive are those that have

a)

Characteristics their parents acquired by use and disuse

b)

The greatest number of offspring

c)

Variations best suited to environmental conditions

13.

Which of the following phrases best describes the results of natural selection?

a)

The natural variation found in all populations

b)

Unrelated species living in different locations

c)

Changes in the inherited characteristics of a population over time

14.

Charles Darwin viewed the fossil record as

a)

Evidence that Earth was thousands of years old

b)

Useful support for his theory

c)

Evidence that traits are acquired through use or disuse

15.

A chart that traces the inheritance of a trait in a family is called a(n)

a)

Pedigree

b)

Karyotype

c)

Genome

d)

autosome

16.

Why do scientist use Punnett Squares?

a)

A tool scientist use to to see alleles

b)

A tool scientist use to see which alleles are dominant

c)

A tool scientist use to determine possible genotypes for offspring

17.
How many alleles (letters) do each person carry for a trait?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
18.
How many alleles (letters) does a child get from each parent for each trait?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
19.
In a Punnett square each box represents a(n)....
a)
offspring
b)
parent
c)
gene
d)
trait
20.
The passing of physical characteristics from parent to offspring is __________.
a)
genetics
b)
heredity
c)
genes
d)
traits
21.
characteristic that is inherited; can be either dominant or recessive
a)
genes
b)
allele
c)
chromosome
d)
trait
22.
The genetic characteristics of recessive genes
a)
tend to mask the characteristics of dominant genes.
b)
are always expressed in the phenotype.
c)
are usually codominant.
d)
tend to be masked by the characteristics of dominant genes.
23.
Which of the following is a fossil?
a)
a plant that has recently died
b)
a group of organisms that can reproduce
c)
a structure or organ that no longer functions
d)
a trace of an organisms that existed in the past
24.
The structures shown are_________
a)
homologous
b)
heterologous
c)
analogous
d)
vestigial
25.
What is the process in which humans breed organisms for certain traits?
a)
natural selection
b)
inheritance
c)
artificial selection
d)
descent withOUT modification
26.

What is the human most closely related to?

a)

Fish

b)

mouse

c)

Salamander

d)

Human

27.
All the animals to the right of the hagfish would have the common characteristic of -
a)
Fur
b)
Claws or nails
c)
Lungs
d)
Jaws
28.

What is the purpose of a cladogram?

a)

To map the ancestral relationships and shared traits of different organisms.

b)

To trace the inherited traits of a single species over time.

c)

To check the likelihood of an offspring having a particular trait.

d)

To monitor mutations that arise among different populations.

29.

What do both the squirrel and lion have in common that the other animals do not?

a)

They are both vertebrates

b)

They both have lungs

c)

They are both mammals

d)

They both lose their canine teeth.

30.

What do amphibians, birds, prosimians and humans all have in common? Check all that apply.

a)

Hair

b)

Endothermic

c)

Eukaryotic

d)

Tetrapod

e)

Vertebrate

31.

Which trait should go where A is on the cladogram?

a)

eyes

b)

feet

c)

lips

d)

hat

32.

According to the diagram, what is the common ancestor of ALL organisms on the phylogenetic tree?

a)

B

b)

C

c)

D

d)

E

33.

What is the common ancestor of Letters A, B, C, D, E?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

34.

Using the cladogram, which two organisms are more closely related Lizards and Newts OR Lamreys and Sharks

a)

Newts and Lizards

b)

Lampreys and Sharks

35.

Which is NOT a eukaryote?

a)

Plants

b)

Animals

c)

Archaea

d)

Protists

36.

Which of the following is the correct order for least related to most related?

a)

Domain

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

b)

Species

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Domain

c)

Species

Genus

Family

Order

Class

Phylum

Kingdom

Domain

d)

Domain

Kingdom

Class

Phylum

Order

Genus

Family

Species

37.

Which of the following sets of animals would be the most closely related?

a)

Animals in the same order

b)

Animals in the same genus

c)

Animals in the same class

d)

Animals in the same family

38.

Which of the following sets of insects would be the most closely related?

a)

Insects in the same class

b)

Insects in the same family

c)

Insects in the same order

d)

Insects in the same species

39.

Which of the following taxonomic groups would contain the most related set of animals?

a)

Domain

b)

Species

c)

Family

d)

Order

40.
In the 8 levels of classification which level is the broadest category? 
a)
Kingdom
b)
Family
c)
Species
d)
Domain
41.
Things that are classified together ___________.
a)
are not related to each other.
b)
share a similar evolutionary history.
c)
are larger organisms.
d)
have a different evolutionary history
42.
The structures shown are_________
a)
homologous
b)
heterologous
c)
analogous
d)
vestigial
43.
Bird wings and butterfly wings are an example of
a)
Homologous structure
b)
Analogous structure
c)
Mimicry
d)
Camoflague
44.
Some organisms that share a common ancestor have features that have different functions, but similar structures.  These are known as
a)
vestigial structures
b)
analogous structures
c)
homologous structures
d)
fossil structures
45.

An anatomical feature that no longer seams to have a purpose in the current form of an organism

a)

Homologous structure

b)

Analogous structure

c)

Vestigial structure

d)

None of the above

46.

Whales have pelvic bones. What type of structure does this best represent?

a)

Homologous structure

b)

Analogous structure

c)

Vestigial structure

d)

None of the above

47.
_____________  is the study of embryos to see how their similarities and differences indicate an evolutionary relationship.
a)
Paleontology
b)
Common ancestry
c)
Homologous structure
d)
Embryology
48.
In stage one (top row) of these embryos, most of the embryos________
a)
look very similar.
b)
have very different features.
c)
show different stages of development.
d)
have only a tail if they are non-human.