WorksheetsBIOLOGY transcription/translation
Total questions: 20
Worksheet time: 10mins
What is protein synthesis?
the process of breaking down proteins for fuel the cells use
how proteins are arranged in from a sequence of amino acids
the process cells use to make proteins through transcription and translation
the process of breaking apart peptide bonds to create a large sequence of amino acids
why is protein synthesis needed?
to synthesize DNA and degrade portions of DNA that are "junk" DNA
we need proteins to function. They make up the cell structure and the enzymes that allow chemical reactions to occur
it is needed for a start codon to initiate transcription
to break down amino acids after translation occurs
What are the names of the 2 parts of protein synthesis?
Elongation
Termination
Initiation
Elongation
Codon
Anticodon
Transcription
Translation
Describe how transcription happens (transcription= DNA to mRNA)
1. RNA Pol binds to promoter sequence
2. Uses one DNA strand as template to make mRNA transcript
1. RNA Pol binds to ribosomal subunit
2. rRNA from subunit is read to make mRNA transcript
1. DNA Pol is transported to the cytoplasm
2. One DNA strand is used as a template to make mRNA transcript
1. DNA Pol binds to start codon
2. each codon is read and once stop codon is reached, mRNA is synthesized
Where in the cell does transcription happen?
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Describe how translation occurs
1. amino acid attaches to DNA sequence
2. tRNA reads each codon to grow the amino acid chain
3. once stop codon reached, polypeptide chain is released
1. RNA pol attaches to promoter sequence
2. DNA is translated to mRNA
3. sequence is translated into protein
1. amino acid attaches to start codon on mRNA
2. each codon is read to grow the amino acid chain
3. once stop codon reached, new polypeptide chain is released
Where in the cell does translation occur?
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi apparatus
What are the 4 RNA bases?
A (adenine)
T (Thymine)
G (Guanine)
G (Glycine)
A (adenine)
U (uracil)
A (Alanine)
C (Cytosine)
A (adenine)
T (Thymine)
C (Cytosine)
G (Guanine)
A (adenine)
U (uracil)
C (Cytosine)
G (Guanine)
Name the 3 types of RNA
mRNA
dRNA
rRNA
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
mRNA
tRNA
cRNA
mRNA
dRNA
tRNA
draw each type of RNA
see picture, practice drawing each type
see picture, practice drawing each type
Which type of RNA is involved in transcription?
mRNA
(messenger)
tRNA
(transfer)
rRNA
(ribosomal)
dRNA
(deoxyribose)
Which type(s) of RNA are involved in translation?
tRNA
tRNA
rRNA
rRNA
tRNA
dRNA
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
What happens if one base is incorrectly matched during transcription or translation?
The incorrect match will reinsert into a different position where it is correctly matched
A mutation occurs and the protein ends up misfiled
The bond is cut and the nucleotide is released
Nothing happens, proteins can be made of many different base pairs
What is a codon?
Sequence of 3 nucleotides which together form a unit of genetic code
Sequence of 3 proteins that together form a unit of genetic code
Sequence of 4 nucleotides which together form a unit of genetic code
Sequence of 4 proteins which together form a unit of genetic code
Which type of RNA has codons?
dRNA
rRNA
mRNA
tRNA
What is an anticodon?
Sequence of 3 nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a complimentary sequence in tRNA
Sequence of 3 nucleotides in tRNA that corresponds to a complimentary sequence in mRNA
Sequence of 3 nucleotides in tRNA that corresponds to a complimentary sequence in rRNA
Sequence of 3 nucleotides in dRNA that corresponds to a complimentary sequence in tRNA
Which type of RNA has anticodons?
rRNA
dRNA
mRNA
tRNA
DNA strand reads TAC CCG GCA
Find the mRNA that matched
ATG GGC CGT
AGG GGC CGU
AUG GGC CGU
AUG GGC CGA
One codon codes to make how many amino acids?
64
1
12
3
After transcription and translation, what happen to the amino acid chain (last part necessary before a fully functional protein)?
Editing occurs;
Some amino acids may be altered or removed
It attaches to the DNA at the start codon to read for errors
The chain breaks off and is transported to the nucleus
The amino acid chain must combine with other chains in order to gain functionality
