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WorksheetsInferences & Nonrestrictive Elements
Total questions: 38
Worksheet time: 3hrs 10mins
_______ + ________ = Inference
Background knowledge + Clues from the text
Background knowledge + Opinion
A guess without evidence + information from the text
What is the difference between an observation and an inference?
An inference uses context clues to make predictions and an observation describes what is actually happening
An inference is what is happening and an observation makes a prediction
There is no difference
Observations are true and inferences are fals
"Due to their incredible force and unpredictability, floods can cause tremendous damage. They can ruin houses, roads and buildings. Floods can take down trees and cause mudslides. It often leaves mud, sand and debris behind. It can take months to clean up after a flood."
Based on what you have read, you can conclude that:
Cleaning up after a flood can be expensive and take time.
Floods only occur along the coast.
Floods are not that dangerous.
After flood waters dry up then the problem is over.
Which conclusion is best supported by this sentence:
"The Golden Gate bridge spans the San Francisco Bay, connecting northern California to the peninsula of San Francisco."
The bridge enables many people to go from San Francisco to northern California.
The bridge has the longest span of any other suspension bridge in the world.
Thick cables are used on the Golden Gate bridge
The bridge is the most popular bridge in the Bay Area
What inference can the reader make from this paragraph?
Giraffes are fascinating animals due to their extreme heights and unique color. Giraffes have cream fur with brown blotches everywhere. This fur allows giraffes to blend in among the savanna trees and bushes; however, their size can make hiding difficult since adult giraffes grow to be over 17 feet tall. Most adult giraffes rely on their strength and speed to escape lions and other predators. Yet, young giraffes lack this skill. Born at 6 feet tall, newborn giraffes lack the strength and speed of their parents. Half of giraffes are preyed upon before they reach a year old and those that survive spend most of their day hiding.
What can you infer?
rely on camouflage at an older age
rely on camouflage at a younger age
Tornadoes are a magnificent force of nature. Sometimes
called cyclones, tornadoes take a cylinder shape. These
powerful funnels have winds with speeds over 300 miles
per hour. This wind can lift animals, throw cars, and
destroy houses. The United States actually has more
tornadoes than any other country in the world.
What can you infer?
Tornadoes do not happen as often in other countries.
Tornadoes do not form in the United
States often.
Swifts are already considered the fastest fliers on Earth.
Now, scientists think they’re also one of nature’s greatest
endurance athletes. They recently discovered that the
small soot brown birds spend 10 months of the year
entirely airborne. Using miniature trackers, scientists
observed that some birds did not land once during their
migratory period.
What can you infer?
Swifts are able to eat in the sky.
Swifts are large and powerful birds.
On September 6, 2016, a submarine went to explore an
underwater volcano’s summit 3,000 feet below the surface
of the Pacific Ocean. Within minutes of the submarine’s
arrival at the top of the underwater volcano, life began to
appear. There was a starfish clinging to a rock, eels, and
sharks. Plus, there were two rare Dumbo octopuses.
What can you infer?
Submarines can't travel more than 2,000 feet below the surface of the ocean.
There are a lot of seas creatures who can live 3,000 feet under the surface of the Pacific Ocean.
Polar bears live on land, but walk out onto sea ice to hunt seals and other prey. They wait for creatures to rise through cracks in the ice. Then they can attack their food source. The polar bears use to be able to walk our onto ice to find food. Some sea ice always melts during a warmer time of the year. But because of global warming, sea ice is melting earlier than in times past, and it is forming later. Scientists say this could cause polar bears to become extinct.
Which of the following conclusions can you make from the text?
Global warming is causing seals and other prey to disappear.
Polar bears depend on sea ice to live.
Sea ice melts at warmer temperatures than freshwater ice.
I like polar bears and they should not become extinct.
Today's roller coasters don't look much like their cousins from long ago. In fact, the earliest know roller coaster didn't have tracks at all. Instead, they were ice-covered hills made from wood. Built in Russia in the 1400's, some of these early coasters were as long as two or three city blocks. Riders marched up about five flights of stairs to the top of the "flying mountain." Then they sat in a special sled. Zip! in seconds, they had zoomed down the icy mountain.
Based on the text, what is the phrase "flying mountain"?
the Russian word for a roller coaster
the title of the world's first roller coaster
a nickname for an early roller coaster
the mountain was flying in the sky
Which of the following accurately describes a NON-RESTRICTIVE CLAUSE?
a sentence that includes information that is ESSENTIAL to the meaning of the sentence and IS NOT OFFSET by commas, dashes, or parentheses
a sentence that includes information that is NOT ESSENTIAL to the meaning of the sentence and IS OFFSET by commas, dashes, or parentheses
Read the following sentence:
The players who are wearing the red uniforms are winning the game.
Which answer choice correctly identifies and explains the type of clause used?
Restrictive Clause: The information is essential. If the clause is removed, the sentence becomes vague. The reader does not know which players are winning the game.
Nonrestrictive clause: The information is not needed. If the clause is removed, the original intent of the sentence doesn't change.
Which forms of punctuation can NOT be used to set off nonrestrictive clauses?
Parentheses
Quotation marks
Dashes
Commas
Pearls which are expensive aren't something I buy very often.
My doctor, who graduated from Harvard University, is very intelligent.
My computer- that I got for Christmas last year- has touchscreen capabilities.
Which answer choice is the best way to combine the following sentences? Amanda is my best friend. She is on the honor roll again.
Amanda, my best friend. She's on the honor roll again.
Amanda who is my best friend is on the honor roll again.
Amanda, who is my best friend, is on the honor roll again.
Which answer choice is the best revision for the following sentence? The workers who built this bridge they did a good job.
The workers, who built this bridge, did a good job.
The workers who built this bridge did a good job.
The workers did a good job who built this bridge.
Which answer choice demonstrates the best way to combine the following sentences? The oranges have been sitting on the table for a week. They are starting to look brown.
The oranges, which have been sitting on the table for a week, are starting to look brown.
The oranges which have been sitting on the table for a week are starting to look brown.
For a week the oranges have been on the table sitting, which are starting to look brown.
Which of the answer choices demonstrates the best revision for the following sentence? We stayed, at a castle, where a ghost is said to appear.
We stayed at a castle; where a ghost is said to appear.
We, who stayed, at a castle where a ghost is said to appear.
We stayed at a castle where a ghost is said to appear.
Which sentence uses commas correctly?
At the camp, each person had a knife, a fork, a spoon, a mug, and a few plates.
At the camp each person had a knife, a fork, a spoon, a mug, and a few plates.
At the camp each person had a knife, a fork, a spoon, a mug and a few plates.
At the camp, each person had a knife a fork a spoon a mug and a few plates.
Which sentence uses parentheses correctly?
Adolf the (biggest chimp) was not very helpful to Jane, but Rashidi was.
Adolf (the biggest chimp) was not very helpful to Jane, but Rashidi was.
Adolf the biggest chimp was not very helpful to Jane (but Rashidi was).
Adolf the biggest chimp was (not very helpful) to Jane, but Rashidi was.
Which sentence uses dashes correctly?
Jane Goodall was -studying the chimps- by interacting with them a novel way to proceed!
Jane Goodall was studying the chimps—by interacting with them a novel way to proceed!
Jane Goodall—was studying the chimps by interacting with them a novel way to proceed!
Jane Goodall was studying the chimps by interacting with them— a novel way to proceed!
Which sentence uses commas correctly?
Jane would watch the chimps eating and then collect the leaves, flowers, and fruits they left behind.
Jane would watch the chimps eating, and then collect the leaves, flowers, and fruits they left behind.
Jane would watch the chimps eating and then collect the leaves flowers and fruits, they left behind.
Jane would watch, the chimps eating, and then collect the leaves, flowers and fruits they left behind.
Which sentence uses commas correctly?
Chimps like people sleep all night.
Chimps, like people, sleep all night.
Chimps like people, sleep, all night.
Chimps like, people, sleep all night.
Which sentence uses parentheses correctly?
Jane had a favorite chimp David Greybeard.
Jane had a favorite chimp (David Greybeard).
Jane had a favorite chimp (David Greybeard.)
Jane had a (favorite chimp) David Greybeard.
Which type of punctuation should go in the blanks?
Jessica _ Brittany's younger sister _ was always causing mischief.
commas
dashes
parentheses
Which type of punctuation should go in the blanks?
When the car was finally delivered _ nearly three months after she ordered it _ she decided she no longer wanted it.
commas
dashes
parentheses
Which sentences are punctuated correctly? Check all that apply.
LeBron James, one of the Cavaliers best basketball players, was recruited right out of high school.
Upon discovering the errors - all 28 of them - Charlie thought he should rewrite his paper.
I always buy my mom a gift on her birthday (October 10).
Gizmo, my pet Chihuahua - barks whenever someone pulls into our drive.
