A type of grant-in-aid that gives state officials more authority in the disbursement of federal funds

Powers granted to both states and the federal government in the constitution

The requirement that officials in one state return a defendent to another state where a crime was committed

The process through which the Supreme Court applies fundamental rights in the Bill of Rights to the state on a case by case basis

Powers not given to the national government, which are retained by the states and the people

Laws punishing people for acts that were not crimes at the time they were committed.

Authority specifically granted to a branch of the government in the Constitution

Authority of the federal government that goes beyond its expressed powers

When the legislature declares someone guilty without a trial

The sharing of power between the national government and the states

Article 1, Section 8 granting Congress the powers necessary to carry out its enumerated powers

Grant-in-aid provided to states with specific provisions on their use

When the federal government apportions tax money to thes states with no strings attached

A system where the central government has all of the power over subnational governments

A system where the subnational governments have most of the power

Federal money provided to the states to implement public policy objectives

A form og American federalism in which the states and the national government operate independently in their own areas of public policy