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WorksheetsAP CSP Vocab
Total questions: 14
Worksheet time: 2hrs 20mins
a circuit with one input and one output defined such that its output is TRUE (or ON) when its input is FALSE (or OFF) and vice versa.
AND gate
a circuit with two inputs and one output defined such that its output is TRUE (or ON) when either or both of its inputs are TRUE (or ON).
logic gate
an elementary building block of a digital circuit. Examples would be AND, OR, and NOT gates that perform basic digital operations.
NOT gate
a circuit with two inputs and one output defined such that its output is TRUE (or ON) only when both of its inputs are TRUE (or ON).
OR gate
an informal way of describing an integrated circuit (IC) consisting of millions of tiny circuits.
boolean
any symbol that requires one byte of storage.
character
condition is a true/false condition. It is named after George Boole (1815-1864) an English mathematician.
chip
The process of translating the entire source code into a single binary file.
constant
such as the numeral '5', is an abstraction that represents a single thing, e.g., the value 5.
compilation
a machine that processes information under the control of a program.
computer
has a fixed program (e.g. a simple calculator, a digital watch, a car's anti-lock braking system).
general purpose computer
can run many different programs (e.g. a smartphone).
special purpose computer
An informal term for error in computer hardware or software -- the term was coined by Grace Hopper.
computer bug
includes its electronic and mechanical components that carries out the instructions of a computer program.
software
houses the computer's main electronic components.
hardware
stores the computer's programs and data temporarily while power is on.
motherboard
the part of the computer's hardware that interprets and runs the computer program.
RAM
consists of the programs that control the computer.
CPU
sets a variable to a value or a mathematical expression.
variable
input variables for a procedure.
local variables
Variables that are declared and exist only inside a procedure or function (this is called their scope).
assignment
involves values, variables, and operators for example (a+b)/2
expression
names a memory location to hold different values in your program.
parameters
Inserts x at end of the list
APPEND(list, x)
inserts an element into a list at the index given
INSERT(list, i, value)
data sent to a computer for processing by a program and can be tactile, audible, visual, or text
REMOVE(list, x)
removes the element in the given list at the given index
input
a block of programming statements that controls the flow or behavior of an algorithm.
control structure
a programming construct used to repeat a set of commands (loop) as long as (while) a boolean condition is true
If/Else
Selection or conditional algorithm that allows a program to choose between different actions.
Infinite loop
occurs when the ending condition will never evaluate to true.
For loop
a statement that will evaluate to true or false and run code based on the answer
While loop
Loops that have a predetermined beginning, end, and increment (step interval).
conditional statement
specify the values of the parameters when a procedure is called.
sorting algorithm
an algorithm that checks ever element in a list from the start to the end of the list to find an item.
algorithm
a search algorithm that repeatedly divides a sorted list to narrow in on the searched-for item
binary search
puts a list into alphabetic or numeric order.
arguments
a step-by-step procedures for solving a particular problem.
linear or sequential search
a notation for expressing algorithms, which is more precise that ordinary English but less formal than a programming language.
iteration
a programming language that is directly readable by the computer's CPU.
machine learning
data sent back from the program to the device and can be tactile, audible, visual, or text.
output
another term for 'repetition'
program
a sequence of instructions that controls the computer.
pseudocode
control structure uses a true or false condition to determine which of two parts of an algorithm is used.
selection
a system of rules that govern the behavior of some system.
sequence
a non-executable block of text that can be added to a program to provide clarification and documentation of the code.
comment
control structure that is the application of each step of an algorithm in the order in which the statements are given.
concatenation
Putting two strings together to make a new string.
protocol
A procedure that computes and returns a value.
string
Part of an existing string
substring
A sequence of characters that can be stored in a variable or list.
brute force
solve by trial and error; trying every possible option
efficiency
how well an algorithm uses time and memory/space resources, CPU and RAM
function
users are asked to present several separate pieces of evidence involving knowledge (something they know like a password), possession (something they have like a texted code), and/or inherence (something they are like biometrics).
return value
a computational model in which operations are performed in order, one at a time on one processor or computer
comparison operators
<, >, <=, >=, ==, != indicate a Boolean expression
multi-factor authentication (MFA)
A value sent back by a function to the place in the code where the function was called form
debugging
The process of removing errors from computer hardware or software.
sequential computing
the number or position of an element in the list.
index
In computer science, this stores multiple items under one variable name and uses an index to number and access them.
list
the lack of pattern or regularity. A random sequence of events has no order or pattern.
operator
Symbols like +,-,*,/ used for addition, subtraction, multiplication, division.
procedural abstraction
in computer science is the practice of organizing and encapsulating algorithms in named procedures that can then be invoked by name. An example would be the 'sqrt(x)', square root of x, which encapsulates the algorithm for calculating the square root of x.
random
an algorithm that generates a sequence of numbers that seem to occur in random order.
upload
gives the remainder when one number is divided by another.
mod operator
an event that cannot be predicted with certainty. Examples would include flipping a fair coin, rolling a die, picking a card from a well shuffled deck.
random event
data means to transmit data from a computer to an online repository or service such as a bulletin board service, or drop box, or network.
random number generator
