Grossly purulent fluid signifies?

A persistently turbid supernatant suggests which effusion?

Chylous effusions typically caused by?

________ ocurs in the setting of normal capillary integrity and suggest absence of local pleural dz. 90% CHF

__________ form as a result of pleural dz associated / increased capillary permeability or reduced lymphatic drainage

Select the two most common causes of exudative effusion

TB is a exudate or transudate?

Heart failure is an exudate or transudate?

When should pleural fluid specimens be sent for cytologic exam?

Pleural Fluid Analysis: Glucose

_______ has same concentration as serum?

Pleural Fluid Analysis: Glucose

<30 mg/dL we are concerned for what?

Pleural Fluid Analysis: Glucose

30-50 mg/dL: what do we suspect if the glucose is in this range? (3)

Pleural Fluid Analysis: pH

pH less than 7.3 always indicates exudate or transudate or both?

Pleural Fluid Analysis: pH

<6.0 is consistent w?

Collagen vascular disease could be indicated at what pH?

what RBC count would we need to have in pleural fluid for it to have red tinge?

RBC in pleural fluid of >100,000 would NOT indicate what?

WBC <1,000 indicates transudate or exudate?

Pleural Fluid Analysis: WBC

WBC > 50,000 indicates?

Pleural Fluid Analysis: WBC

in general, what WBC would indicate inflammation?

PF: venous hematocrit ratio > WHAT suggests trauma, bleeding from a vessel, bleeding disorder or malignancy

Light's Criteria dicates only 1/3 of these options need to be positive for us to consider pleural effusion an exudate. What are the 3 criteria?

Wright stain differentiates...

PMNs dominate in early or late inflammatory effusions?