Remembering a phone number

Resolving conflicts in a team

Ignoring background noise while reading a book

Finding the shortest route between two points

Perceiving the meaning of a poem

Concentrating on a task at hand during a busy workday.

Predicting the outcome of an experiment

Discriminating between similar-looking faces

Remembering the steps of a dance routine

Identifying cause and effect relationships

Focusing on a difficult math problem while ignoring distractions

Deducing the solution to a logical puzzle

Recalling a childhood memory

Generating a coherent written response

A set of cognitive processes that control and coordinate other cognitive processes including planning, decision making and goal-oriented behavior.

Choosing between different job offers

To provide a framework for organizing information

Perception is driven by environmental stimulus (desired)

To temporarily store and process information

Recognizing a familiar melody

Visualizing the solution to a complex problem

Sensory evidence is poor and perception is driven by expectations

Refers to all the processes by which sensory input is transformed, reduced, elaborated, stored, recovered, and used.

This is a system how people receive, store, process, and use information.

Identifying an object in a cluttered room

To preserve the qualities of sensory information

To translate information into a form that can be stored in memory

Overcoming anxiety in a public speaking engagement

To access information stored in memory

To reconstruct memories

To filter irrelevant information from stimuli

To store and retrieve semantic knowledge

To register incoming sensory information

To trigger the release of stored information in response to relevant cues.

To direct attention to relevant information

To facilitate decision-making processes

To recall information in a meaningful and coherent manner

To enhance the retrievability of information

To increase the likelihood of information being transferred to long-term memory

To store information for a brief period of time

To store and retrieve episodic memories

To preserve the temporal order of sensory information

To store information in a hierarchical manner

To provide a basis for future decision-making and problem-solving

To store information for an extended period of time

To discriminate between similar memories

To allow for manipulation of information

To integrate new information with existing knowledge

To integrate new information with existing knowledge

To associate information with existing knowledge

the failure to notice a stimulus due to lack of attention.

failure to notice changes in a stimulus that is already attention to.

This refers to the ability to maintain focus on particular tasks or stimulus for an extended period of time.

is the ability to monitor and control one's own thoughts and actions in order to achieve a goal.

the ability to focus on a particular location in a space.

This refers to ability to focus on one particular aspect of the environment while ignoring other stimulus present in the environment.

A second burglar enters the room, and this time the security system successfully detects the motion.

The burglar enters the room, but the security system fails to detect the motion.

A cleaning crew enters the room during the scheduled cleaning time, and the motion detector triggers an alarm.

An authorized employee enters the room and the motion detector does not trigger an alarm.

A fire alarm goes off and a person wakes up and evacuates the building.

A person hears a noise and thinks it’s an intruder but it turns out to be the wind.

A doctor identifies a disease correctly based on a patient’s symptoms.

A teacher fails to see that a student is struggling and needs help.

A metal detector beeps when a person with a metal object walks through it and a security guard stops them.

A person sees a car parked outside their house and assumes it’s their neighbor’s which is correct.

A doctor determines that the patient does not have a disease based on their symptoms and tests.

A radar detects an enemy aircraft, and a pilot takes invasive action.

A radiologist overlooks a tumor in a patient’s scan.

A lifeguard fails to notice a person struggling in the water and they drown.

A person smells smoke, investigates, and finds a small fire and they put out.

A metal detector beeps when a person without a metal object walks through it and the security guard searches them.

A smoke detector goes off due to steam from cooking and a person panics.

A car driver fails to see a pedestrian crossing the road and hits them.

A person does not hear their phone ringing and misses an important call.

A person hears a noise, checks it, and finds nothing to worry about.

A person looks for their lost keys, but they were not where they thought they would be.

A person thinks they see a snake on the grass, but it turns out to be a stick.

A person suspects their partner of cheating, but they find out later it was not founded.

A security guard observes a person without any prohibited item in their luggage and they let them go.

The greater the value of the d’, the harder it gets to distinguish between signal or noise, defects or without defects.

The smaller the value of the d’, the easier it gets to distinguish between signal or noise, defects or without defects.