Bicycles

Bicycles are human powered vehicles, typically featuring pedals, a seat, two wheels and a frame. Before the word ‘bicycle’ become popular (coming from the French word ‘bicyclette’), bikes were typically called ‘velocipedes’. Bicycles are used for transport, recreation, competitive racing, courier delivery and a range of other tasks.

Bicycles typically use a chain to transmit power to the rear wheel. Some bicycles feature suspension. This is especially common in mountain bikes where they are used to help deal with the vibration caused by uneven surfaces. Road bikes typically have thinner tires inflated to higher pressures than those found on mountain bikes, taking advantage of the smoother surfaces that roads generally provide.

People do not use bicycles for …

They are used to help deal with the vibration. (paragraph 2 in text Bicycles)

Which word has same meaning with the underlined word?

This is especially common in mountain bikes where they are used to help deal with the vibration caused by uneven surfaces.

The opposite meaning of the word “common” is, …

An electronic calculator is a small, portable electronic device used to perform both arithmetic operations and complex mathematical operations.

The first solid electronic calculator was created in the 1960 s, building on the extensive history of tools such as the abacus (developed around 2000 BC), and the mechanical calculator (developed in the 17^th century AD). It was developed in parallel with the analog computers of the day.

In addition to general purpose of calculators, there are those designed for specific markets, for example, there are scientific calculators which include trigonometric and statistical calculations. Some calculators even have the ability to do computer algebra. Graphing calculators can be used to graph functions defined on the real line, or higher dimensional Euclidean space.

According to the text, what is the usage of calculator?

An electronic calculator is a small, portable electronic device used to perform both arithmetic operations and complex mathematical operations.

The first solid electronic calculator was created in the 1960s, building on the extensive history of tools such as the abacus (developed around 2000 BC), and the mechanical calculator (developed in the 17^th century AD). It was developed in parallel with the analog computers of the day.

In addition to general purpose of calculators, there are those designed for specific markets, for example, there are scientific calculators which include trigonometric and statistical calculations. Some calculators even have the ability to do computer algebra. Graphing calculators can be used to graph functions defined on the real line, or higher dimensional Euclidean space.

When does the mechanical calculator developed?

A laptop is a kind of computer unit which has the same function as a PC (Personal Computer), but it’s smaller, lighter and of different sizes. Nowadays, most people choose laptops for several reasons.

A laptop is a portable device. This portability is very helpful for our work, study and other activities. We do not need complicated cable installations to activate a laptop. With a laptop, we can do our work anytime and anywhere.

Moreover, a laptop allows us to access the internet in public places which provide free access called hot spot areas. Some people like to use this facility to carry out their tasks.

Finally, a laptop consumes energy more efficiently than a PC does. This device uses a rechargeable battery as a source of electric energy. So, if we prefer using a laptop, it means that we support the government program to save energy. That’s why a laptop has become very popular recently.

A laptop has become very popular because ….

A laptop is a kind of computer unit which has the same function as a PC (Personal Computer), but it’s smaller, lighter and of different sizes. Nowadays, most people choose laptops for several reasons. A laptop is a portable device. This portability is very helpful for our work, study and other activities. We do not need complicated cable installations to activate a laptop. With a laptop, we can do our work anytime and anywhere. Moreover, a laptop allows us to access the internet in public places which provide free access called hot spot areas. Some people like to use this facility to carry out their tasks.

Finally, a laptop consumes energy more efficiently than a PC does. This device uses a rechargeable battery as a source of electric energy. So, if we prefer using a laptop, it means that we support the government program to save energy. That’s why a laptop has become very popular recently.

“ …a laptop allows us….” (paragraph 1)

The underlined word has the opposite meaning with …

A laptop is a kind of computer unit which has the same function as a PC (Personal Computer), but it’s smaller, lighter and of different sizes. Nowadays, most people choose laptops for several reasons.

A laptop is a portable device. This portability is very helpful for our work, study and other activities. We do not need complicated cable installations to activate a laptop. With a laptop, we can do our work anytime and anywhere.

Moreover, a laptop allows us to access the internet in public places which provide free access called hot spot areas. Some people like to use this facility to carry out their tasks.

Finally, a laptop consumes energy more efficiently than a PC does. This device uses a rechargeable battery as a source of electric energy. So, if we prefer using a laptop, it means that we support the government program to save energy. That’s why a laptop has become very popular recently.

From the text we know that ….

A camera is an optical instrument for recording images, which may be stored locally, transmitted to another location, or both. The images may be individual still photographs or sequences of images constituting videos or movies. The functioning of the camera is very similar to the functioning of the human eye.

A camera may work with the light of the visible spectrum or with other portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. A still camera is an optical device which creates a single image of an object or scene, and records it on an electronic sensor or photographic film. All cameras use the same basic design: light enters an enclosed box through a converging lens and an image is recorded on a light-sensitive medium.

A shutter mechanism controls the length of time that light can enter the camera. Most photographic cameras have functions that allow a person to view the scene to be recorded, allow for a desired part of the scene to be in focus, and to control the exposure so that it is not too bright or too dim.

A movie camera or a video camera operates similarly to a still camera, except it records a series of static images in rapid succession, commonly at a rate of 24 frames per second. When the images are combined and displayed in order, the illusion of motion is achieved.

What kind of text is it?

A camera is an optical instrument for recording images, which may be stored locally, transmitted to another location, or both. The images may be individual still photographs or sequences of images constituting videos or movies. The functioning of the camera is very similar to the functioning of the human eye.

A camera may work with the light of the visible spectrum or with other portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. A still camera is an optical device which creates a single image of an object or scene, and records it on an electronic sensor or photographic film. All cameras use the same basic design: light enters an enclosed box through a converging lens and an image is recorded on a light-sensitive medium.

A shutter mechanism controls the length of time that light can enter the camera. Most photographic cameras have functions that allow a person to view the scene to be recorded, allow for a desired part of the scene to be in focus, and to control the exposure so that it is not too bright or too dim.

A movie camera or a video camera operates similarly to a still camera, except it records a series of static images in rapid succession, commonly at a rate of 24 frames per second. When the images are combined and displayed in order, the illusion of motion is achieved.

What is the purpose of this text?

A camera is an optical instrument for recording images, which may be stored locally, transmitted to another location, or both. The images may be individual still photographs or sequences of images constituting videos or movies. The functioning of the camera is very similar to the functioning of the human eye.

A camera may work with the light of the visible spectrum or with other portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. A still camera is an optical device which creates a single image of an object or scene, and records it on an electronic sensor or photographic film. All cameras use the same basic design: light enters an enclosed box through a converging lens and an image is recorded on a light-sensitive medium.

A shutter mechanism controls the length of time that light can enter the camera. Most photographic cameras have functions that allow a person to view the scene to be recorded, allow for a desired part of the scene to be in focus, and to control the exposure so that it is not too bright or too dim.

A movie camera or a video camera operates similarly to a still camera, except it records a series of static images in rapid succession, commonly at a rate of 24 frames per second. When the images are combined and displayed in order, the illusion of motion is achieved.

The function of camera is described in paragraph …

A camera is an optical instrument for recording images, which may be stored locally, transmitted to another location, or both. The images may be individual still photographs or sequences of images constituting videos or movies. The functioning of the camera is very similar to the functioning of the human eye.

A camera may work with the light of the visible spectrum or with other portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. A still camera is an optical device which creates a single image of an object or scene, and records it on an electronic sensor or photographic film. All cameras use the same basic design: light enters an enclosed box through a converging lens and an image is recorded on a light-sensitive medium.

A shutter mechanism controls the length of time that light can enter the camera. Most photographic cameras have functions that allow a person to view the scene to be recorded, allow for a desired part of the scene to be in focus, and to control the exposure so that it is not too bright or too dim.

A movie camera or a video camera operates similarly to a still camera, except it records a series of static images in rapid succession, commonly at a rate of 24 frames per second. When the images are combined and displayed in order, the illusion of motion is achieved.

From the text, we know that …

A camera is an optical instrument for recording images, which may be stored locally, transmitted to another location, or both. The images may be individual still photographs or sequences of images constituting videos or movies. The functioning of the camera is very similar to the functioning of the human eye.

A camera may work with the light of the visible spectrum or with other portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. A still camera is an optical device which creates a single image of an object or scene, and records it on an electronic sensor or photographic film. All cameras use the same basic design: light enters an enclosed box through a converging lens and an image is recorded on a light-sensitive medium.

A shutter mechanism controls the length of time that light can enter the camera. Most photographic cameras have functions that allow a person to view the scene to be recorded, allow for a desired part of the scene to be in focus, and to control the exposure so that it is not too bright or too dim.

A movie camera or a video camera operates similarly to a still camera, except it records a series of static images in rapid succession, commonly at a rate of 24 frames per second. When the images are combined and displayed in order, the illusion of motion is achieved.

The word rapid in paragraph 4 has similar meaning like…

The barn owl is one of the most popular birds in Britain but is now extremely rare. The bird favors open habitats such as grasslands, hedgerows, the edges of fields or woodlands, stubble fields, drainage ditches, and farmyards.

The barn owl is a carnivore and hunts for its favorite diet of small mammals and birds. It usually flies slowly back and forth, about three meters above the ground, using its large eyes and sensitive hearing to spot likely prey. If suitable perches, such as fence posts, are available, the bird may save energy by hunting from these. Once it has swooped silently down, a hooked beak tears into the victim. Food is often swallowed whole and the indigestible parts, such as the bones and fur, are regurgitated in the form of pellets.

When seen in flight, the general impression is of a large white bird. However, the upper parts are a beautiful golden buff color, delicately marked in varying shades of buff and grey. It is only the face, breast, and undersides that are mostly white.

After choosing a suitable hole in a tree or a ledge in an old building, the female barn owl lays between four and seven eggs in April each year. The owlets are fully developed after ten weeks and leave the nest after about fourteen weeks, by which time they must be able to survive alone. As many as one in four young barn owls die within a year for a variety of reasons.

The number of barn owls in Britain is decreasing. There are now fewer habitats where they can find mice, voles, and other prey. In some areas, owls have been affected by chemicals and cannot lay proper eggs. This means that they cannot breed and increase their numbers. In addition, many birds have been killed accidentally as they fly across major roads and motorways. The barn owl is one of nature's most graceful hunters. Many organizations in Britain, such as the Barn Owl Trust in the South West, are working towards

their conservation.

Question:

What is the passage about?

The barn owl is one of the most popular birds in Britain but is now extremely rare. The bird favors open habitats such as grasslands, hedgerows, the edges of fields or woodlands, stubble fields, drainage ditches, and farmyards.

The barn owl is a carnivore and hunts for its favorite diet of small mammals and birds. It usually flies slowly back and forth, about three meters above the ground, using its large eyes and sensitive hearing to spot likely prey. If suitable perches, such as fence posts, are available, the bird may save energy by hunting from these. Once it has swooped silently down, a hooked beak tears into the victim. Food is often swallowed whole and the indigestible parts, such as the bones and fur, are regurgitated in the form of pellets.

When seen in flight, the general impression is of a large white bird. However, the upper parts are a beautiful golden buff color, delicately marked in varying shades of buff and grey. It is only the face, breast, and undersides that are mostly white.

After choosing a suitable hole in a tree or a ledge in an old building, the female barn owl lays between four and seven eggs in April each year. The owlets are fully developed after ten weeks and leave the nest after about fourteen weeks, by which time they must be able to survive alone. As many as one in four young barn owls die within a year for a variety of reasons.

The number of barn owls in Britain is decreasing. There are now fewer habitats where they can find mice, voles, and other prey. In some areas, owls have been affected by chemicals and cannot lay proper eggs. This means that they cannot breed and increase their numbers. In addition, many birds have been killed accidentally as they fly across major roads and motorways. The barn owl is one of nature's most graceful hunters. Many organizations in Britain, such as the Barn Owl Trust in the South West, are working towards

their conservation.

Question:

Where do the barn owls prefer to live?

The barn owl is one of the most popular birds in Britain but is now extremely rare. The bird favors open habitats such as grasslands, hedgerows, the edges of fields or woodlands, stubble fields, drainage ditches, and farmyards.

The barn owl is a carnivore and hunts for its favorite diet of small mammals and birds. It usually flies slowly back and forth, about three meters above the ground, using its large eyes and sensitive hearing to spot likely prey. If suitable perches, such as fence posts, are available, the bird may save energy by hunting from these. Once it has swooped silently down, a hooked beak tears into the victim. Food is often swallowed whole and the indigestible parts, such as the bones and fur, are regurgitated in the form of pellets.

When seen in flight, the general impression is of a large white bird. However, the upper parts are a beautiful golden buff color, delicately marked in varying shades of buff and grey. It is only the face, breast, and undersides that are mostly white.

After choosing a suitable hole in a tree or a ledge in an old building, the female barn owl lays between four and seven eggs in April each year. The owlets are fully developed after ten weeks and leave the nest after about fourteen weeks, by which time they must be able to survive alone. As many as one in four young barn owls die within a year for a variety of reasons.

The number of barn owls in Britain is decreasing. There are now fewer habitats where they can find mice, voles, and other prey. In some areas, owls have been affected by chemicals and cannot lay proper eggs. This means that they cannot breed and increase their numbers. In addition, many birds have been killed accidentally as they fly across major roads and motorways. The barn owl is one of nature's most graceful hunters. Many organizations in Britain, such as the Barn Owl Trust in the South West, are working towards

their conservation.

Question:

Where do barn owls nest?

What is the text structure of report text?

A factual information text is?

Jasmine is a native flower to some tropical areas in South Asia, Africa and Australia. In India, some varieties of Jasmine are used for religious purposes.

The flower can grow up to 3 meters high and 2 meters wide. It releases its fragrance mostly after the sun sets especially nearing the full moon. Therefore, it is often associated with soothing night- time moods.

The planting of Jasmine is started by putting some cuttings in 3 inch posts within 4 weeks. After the roots grow, they are put into 6 inch pots. The soil in the pots should be kept moist but possible for the water to go through it for optimum growth.

There are some important advantages of Jasmine. In medication, this flower is often used for soothing headaches, stimulating brain, and restoring balance. Its extract is also widely used in the making of perfume.

 What is the main idea of the last paragraph?