europe became rich through connections between _____ and ______

wealth created in city states were dependent on ____

- italy 15th c.

- intellectuals believed they were in the new age

- world is improved by reviving the best of the CLASSICAL WORLD and ancient Greece/Rome

- "rebirth"

- ____ humanism

relative size, shape, and position of objects are determined by drawn or imagined lines converging at the point on the horizon

largest individuals in the back and smallest in the front

"trick of the eye"

smoky outlines; images of haze

counterpoise; a human figure standing with most of its weight on one foot, so the shoulders and arms twists off-axis from the hips and legs in the axial plane

a picture of three panels hinged together and used as an altarpiece.

a work of art set above an altar

base of an altarpiece

cafeteria in a religious building

Painting done rapidly in watercolor on wet lime-plaster on a wall or ceiling, so that the colors penetrate the plaster and become fixed as it dries

Painting done on dry plaster

- chips easily

- does not stay preserved

pigments mixed with water or egg yolk

gilding; gold that has been beat into a thin sheet

T/F: jan van eyck reintroduced oil painting

what was oil paint made of?

made by dragging silver wire or rod across a surface prepared with gesso

pouring molten metal into a hollow mold to create a positive sculpture or object

almond shaped halo placed around the body of jesus

"i was as you are, and what i am you will soon be"

- concerned with unified space with linear perspective

- attention to anatomy of the human body

characteristics of flemish naturalism

which of the following are inventions that changed the world in the 15th c?

which of the following are inventions that impacted how painters paint?

T/F: the eucharist is the lord's supper, in which the bread is consecrated and consumed

Belief in the self, human worth, and individual dignity

characteristics of crusade trade routes

which of the following were patrons of the arts?

- brancacci wealthy silk merchant (brancacci chapel and 'tribute money')

- palla strozzi humanist and banker (adoration of the magi)

- cosimo de medici banker (the annunciation)

- michelangelo

- 18 ft tall

- commissioned to go on florence cathedral

- 1501

- donatello

- 1425-30

- bronze; lost wax casting

- 5 ft tall

- portrayed as an after shot

- criticized for sensual nature

T/F: brunelleschi won the battle of the baptistery doors

the north doors of ghiberti's baptistery focused on...

the right doors (second set) on ghiberti's baptistery focused on...

T/F: brunelleschi and ghiberti competed using the depiction of 'the sacrifice of isaac' to see who did the baptistery doors

ghiberti focused on _____

brunelleschi focused on ______

reasons why ghiberti won:

how did leo da vinci use linear perspective in an expressive way?

- patron of Flanders (Belgium) and N. Netherlands (Holland)

- son commissioned 'Moses Well' for burial site

- trecento period

- arena chapel (commissioned by enrico scrovegni; paduan banker, scared of damnation)

- christ entering jerusalem

- trecento period

- madonna enthroned (1310)

- early ren

- holy trinity and tribute money

- ancient greek and roman influences

- work was for the public (tramezzo divided public from holy area of church)

- memento mori

- winner of the baptistery doors contest

- 'sacrifice of isaac' and 'jacob and esau'

- had donatello as a student

- revolutionized art with linear perspective

- used mirrors to rediscover LP

- competed in baptistery doors competition

- true renaissance man

- believed artists must know rules of perspective AND laws of nature

- EYES = perfect way of gaining knowledge

- famous for paintings and notebooks

- vitruvian man (correct human body proportions using math)

- high renaissance

- archetype of true genius

- sculptor, painter, poet, architect

- lover of scultpure

- more popular in n. europe than italy

- crucified in rome under nero

- first leader of early christian church

- christ gives keys to ____ = papal authority

- betrayed jesus

- typically depicted sitting on opposite side of table from jesus

(the mourning of christ)

- tempera on panel

- 1423

- predella

- nativity = first night scene in art history

- patron: palla strozzi (banker, diplomat, humanist)

- inside brancacci chapel

- "continuous narrative": Peter in 3 scenes

- attention to anatomical anatomy

- chiaroscuro and contrapposto

- patron: brancacci (wealthy silk merchant)

- tempera on plaster

- 1445-1450

- painted on women's convent wall (refectory)

- jesus's betrayal

- standard motif: god, holy spirit, and christ

- throne of mercy

- mary, st. john, and patrons kneeling

- absence of mandorla (replaced with classical architecture)

- for the public; in front of tramezzo (divider)

- memento mori

- mary looks as dead as jesus

- depiction of living v. dead

- adam's original skull at base

- flemish

- 1435

- italy --> spain

- altarpiece of arena chapel

- patron: enrico scrovegni paduan banker

- sin: lending money w high interest rates

- 1305-1306

- medici villa; tempura

- life size almost nude painting of venus

- flat composition

- zephyr (west wind) and aura (chloris/spring?)

- 1430

T/F: sicily was the financial center and eleveated level of knowledge/culture that induced the desire to discover and explore the classical world (humanistic scholars)

T/F: mercantile governing class was built by the aristocratic system of middle ages

_____ created rich trade routes between n. italy and levant