When another old cave is discovered in the south of France, it is not usually news. Rather, it is an ordinary event. Such discoveries are so frequent these days that hardly anybody pays heed to them. However, when the Lascaux cave complex was discovered in 1940, the world was amazed. Painted directly on its walls were hundreds of scenes showing how people lived thousands of years ago. The scenes show people hunting animals, such as bison or wild cats. Other images depict birds and, most noticeably, horses, which appear in more than 300 wall images, by far outnumbering all other animals.

Early artists drawing these animals accomplished a monumental and difficult task. They did not limit themselves to the easily accessible walls but carried their painting materials to spaces that required climbing steep walls or crawling into narrow passages in the Lascaux complex. Unfortunately, the paintings have been exposed to the destructive action of water and temperature changes, which easily wear the images away. Because the Lascaux caves have many entrances, air movement has also damaged the images inside. Although they are not out in the open air, where natural light would have destroyed them long ago, many of the images have deteriorated and are barely recognizable. To prevent further damage, the site was closed to tourists in 1963, 23 years after it was discovered.

According to the passage, all of the following have caused damage to the paintings EXCEPT _______.

Why the Raven Is Black

The people of the far north tell this story about Owl and Raven, who were best friends. One day, Raven made a lovely new dress for Owl. Since Raven had been so nice, Owl then began to make a white dress for Raven. Owl worked at night by the light of a lamp that burned heavy oil. Owl tried to measure Raven for the dress, but Raven kept hopping around.

“Oh, I’m going to be so beautiful!” Raven cried as she hopped.

“Stop that hopping,” Owl warned. “You’ll knock over the lamp.”

But Raven would not stand still. Just as owl had predicted, Raven finally knocked over the lamp. The black oil spilled all over the white dress. That is why Raven is black.

Answer the question below.

What happened when Raven knocked over the lamp?

Why the Raven Is Black

The people of the far north tell this story about Owl and Raven, who were best friends. One day, Raven made a lovely new dress for Owl. Since Raven had been so nice, Owl then began to make a white dress for Raven. Owl worked at night by the light of a lamp that burned heavy oil. Owl tried to measure Raven for the dress, but Raven kept hopping around.

“Oh, I’m going to be so beautiful!” Raven cried as she hopped.

“Stop that hopping,” Owl warned. “You’ll knock over the lamp.”

But Raven would not stand still. Just as owl had predicted, Raven finally knocked over the lamp. The black oil spilled all over the white dress. That is why Raven is black.

Answer the question below.

Which of the following words best describes Raven’s actions?

When another old cave is discovered in the south of France, it is not usually news. Rather, it is an ordinary event. Such discoveries are so frequent these days that hardly anybody pays heed to them. However, when the Lascaux cave complex was discovered in 1940, the world was amazed. Painted directly on its walls were hundreds of scenes showing how people lived thousands of years ago. The scenes show people hunting animals, such as bison or wild cats. Other images depict birds and, most noticeably, horses, which appear in more than 300 wall images, by far outnumbering all other animals.

Early artists drawing these animals accomplished a monumental and difficult task. They did not limit themselves to the easily accessible walls but carried their painting materials to spaces that required climbing steep walls or crawling into narrow passages in the Lascaux complex.

The word They refers to _______.

Why the Raven Is Black

The people of the far north tell this story about Owl and Raven, who were best friends. One day, Raven made a lovely new dress for Owl. Since Raven had been so nice, Owl then began to make a white dress for Raven. Owl worked at night by the light of a lamp that burned heavy oil. Owl tried to measure Raven for the dress, but Raven kept hopping around.

“Oh, I’m going to be so beautiful!” Raven cried as she hopped.

“Stop that hopping,” Owl warned. “You’ll knock over the lamp.”

But Raven would not stand still. Just as owl had predicted, Raven finally knocked over the lamp. The black oil spilled all over the white dress. That is why Raven is black.

Answer the question below.

Why did Owl begin to make a dress for Raven?

When another old cave is discovered in the south of France, it is not usually news. Rather, it is an ordinary event. Such discoveries are so frequent these days that hardly anybody pays heed to them. However, when the Lascaux cave complex was discovered in 1940, the world was amazed. Painted directly on its walls were hundreds of scenes showing how people lived thousands of years ago. The scenes show people hunting animals, such as bison or wild cats. Other images depict birds and, most noticeably, horses, which appear in more than 300 wall images, by far outnumbering all other animals.

The word depict is closest in meaning to _______.

Floods can cause tremendous damage. They can ruin houses, roads and buildings. Floods can take down trees and cause mudslides. It often leaves mud, sand and debris behind. It can take months to clean up after a flood.

What is the main idea?

When another old cave is discovered in the south of France, it is not usually news. Rather, it is an ordinary event. Such discoveries are so frequent these days that hardly anybody pays heed to them.

The words pays heed to are closest in meaning to _______.

When another old cave is discovered in the south of France, it is not usually news. Rather, it is an ordinary event. Such discoveries are so frequent these days that hardly anybody pays heed to them. However, when the Lascaux cave complex was discovered in 1940, the world was amazed. Painted directly on its walls were hundreds of scenes showing how people lived thousands of years ago. The scenes show people hunting animals, such as bison or wild cats. Other images depict birds and, most noticeably, horses, which appear in more than 300 wall images, by far outnumbering all other animals. Early artists drawing these animals accomplished a monumental and difficult task. They did not limit themselves to the easily accessible walls but carried their painting materials to spaces that required climbing steep walls or crawling into narrow passages in the Lascaux complex. Unfortunately, the paintings have been exposed to the destructive action of water and temperature changes, which easily wear the images away. Because the Lascaux caves have many entrances, air movement has also damaged the images inside. Although they are not out in the open air, where natural light would have destroyed them long ago, many of the images have deteriorated and are barely recognizable. To prevent further damage, the site was closed to tourists in 1963, 23 years after it was discovered.

Which title best summarizes the main idea of the passage?