Which kind of mutation is represented by the change in Recipe 1?

The first farmer uses a selective breeding method. He selects only the cows with the highest milk yields and allows them to breed with his bull. The diagram shows his cattle population over many generations. Cows with high milk yields are outlined in red. Which BEST describes the method used by the first farmer?

Peppered moths are usually white with black specks that look like pepper. Sometimes, these moths are born with almost entirely black wings. During the Industrial Revolution, factories used coal in their production, leading to increased air pollution. As a result, trees near these cities often had darkened trunks and fewer lichens.

In 1963, Congress introduced the Clean Air Act. The purpose of this act was to reduce air pollution and improve air quality, the air became cleaner, tree trunks became lighter, and lichen growth increased again.

Which statement provides the BEST explanation for the trend seen in the data?

The average number of brown beetles and green beetles changes in a local population. During times of drought, the population of brown beetles flourishes, while the green beetle population increases during the rainy season. This is an example of natural selection.

Which of the following BEST describes what would happen to the populations of brown and green beetles over a period of two years with increased monthly rainfall?

Young robins build the same kinds of nests their parents build even if the young birds have never seen their parents build a nest. This is an example of

Peacocks perform an elaborate dance while displaying their tail feathers. What purpose does this action MOST likely serve for the peacock?

Dalmatian dogs sometimes become deaf due to a recessive trait they may inherit. For this reason, some Dalmatian owners will not let their dogs have puppies if they are deaf. Allowing only Dalmatians that can hear to produce offspring is an example of

Based on the picture and chart below, which characteristics are these three types of poodles specifically bred for?

A mutation that occurs in an organism that reproduces sexually will MOST likely affect the traits of the offspring if the mutation

An organism’s traits are largely determined by the genetic makeup of its parents. A mutation in which kinds of cells in a parent could cause a new trait to appear in the parent’s offspring?

A squirrel gathering nuts helps trees

Dolly the sheep was the first mammal cloned from a somatic cell (any body cell that is not a sperm or egg cell). This was done by removing the nucleus of an egg cell and replacing it with the nucleus of a somatic cell from the mammary gland of another sheep.

Another way that humans have been able to manipulate the characteristics of organisms is through artificial selection (selective breeding). However, because of the excess in selective breeding some breeds of dogs now have medical issues and shortened life span.

Which statement describes a similarity between cloning and selective breeding

The three types of dogs shown all belong to the same species.

Which of these is the BEST explanation for the physical differences between the dogs?

Horses have been bred for hundreds of years for particular traits. The horse shown is a Clydesdale. Clydesdales are large in stature and have a muscular build.

What is the most likely reason Clydesdales were bred?

A woman carries one allele for an autosomal recessive disorder. A man carries no alleles for the disorder. If the woman and man have a child, what is the likelihood that the child will have the disorder?

In one type of animal, the gene for a long tail (T) is dominant over the gene for a short tail (t). Two animals with long tails are crossed, and 25% of their offspring have short tails. Which diagram correctly shows a Punnett square of this cross?

A student wants to cross parent mice to produce offspring with black fur and offspring with white fur. If black fur color (B) is dominant to white fur (b), what should be the genotypes of the parent mice?

Mutations that occur in sex cells can be passed from parent to offspring during

Two heterozygous tall plants (Tt) are crossed. What are the expected genotypes and percentages of this cross?