True or False According to Dodd, if we see consistent production of one type of atypical error pattern, this is considered a delay

According to Dodd, pproximately 81-______% of all phonologically based speech sound disorders cases faill into the delay category.

True or False: /hag/ for /dog/ is an expected error pattern

True or False: /gat/ for /dat/ is an atypical error.

True of False: /at/ for /kat/ is an atpical error.

True or false: /tu/ for /tudeI/ (today) is a typical error.

True or False: "choe" for "toes" is a typical error

True or False: atypical errors almost always occur without typical errors.

True or False: Articulation has to do with the motoric production aspects of speech sounds. This is the placing, coordination, and timing of the articulators. With articulation, phonemes are produced.

True or False: Phonological disorders affect the function of speech sounds within a specific language system. They have to do with impaired comprehension and/or use of the sound system of a language and the rules that govern the sound combinations. Phonemes are affected.

True or False: Children with articulation disorders often have a restricted inventory of phonemes.

Which does NOT apply to the letter /p/

Which does NOT apply to the letter /b/

Which does NOT apply to the letter /t/

Which does NOT apply to the letter /d/

Which does NOT apply to the letter /k/

Which does NOT apply to the letter /g/

Which does NOT apply to the letter /f/

Which does NOT apply to the letter /v/

Which does NOT apply to theta

Which does NOT apply?

Which doe NOT apply

Which doe NOT apply

Which does not apply to /h/

Which does NOT apply

Which does NOT apply

Which does NOT apply

Which does NOT apply to /s/

Which does NOT apply to /z/

Which does NOT apply to /m/

Which does NOT apply to /n/

Which does NOT apply

Which does not apply /l/

Which does not apply /r/

Which does NOT apply to /w/

Which does NOT apply to /j/

Fill in the blank ________: error patterns that normally developing children produce during a given time frame

Fill in the blank ________: atypical errors are substitutions and syllable structure errors that are not generally found in normal phonological development.

True or False: stressed and unstressed "er" as is further are elligable for clusters

True or False: Vowelization includes replacing a postvocalic /r/ with a vowel sound

/sta/ for /star/ is an example of

Is /tudeI/ for /tuzdeI/ cluster reduction or final consonant deletion?

What type of activity is this?

A child is stopping fricatives and affricates. You made cards with the words tun, sun, chest, and best. You have the cards in two piles. Pile one: tun and best. Pile two: sun, best. You say, "can you point to tun? Can you point to sun?" Then you have them say the words on the cards

True or False: Theory provides facts

A ______ is a carefully thought-out explanation for observations of the natural world that has been constructed using the scientific method and which brings together many facts and hypotheses.

True or False: Generatism is the belief that language is learned using a language acquisition device (a designed language learning mechanism).

Fill in the blank:

_____ is the belief that language is learned via domain-general learning from a number of sources.

Select all that apply to Nativist

True or False: Distinctive features are related to empiricism.

Which of the following applies to empiricists?

What am I describing?

-Kids keep track of statistical regularities

-kids only pay attention to meaningful langauge

-You can filter out unnecessary parts of language

What am I describing?

-Children use innate special systems that are used specifically for learning language. Children have a structure of language in mind already and with minimal exposure, it is activated.

-Children only need minimal language exposure to learn the phonology, morphology, and syntax of their language.

-For semantics (vocabulary) the amount and type of words that a child hears really matters.

What am I describing?

-Childeren use the same systems that they use when learning any language skill.

-The parts of phonology, morphology, and syntax that children hear the most will be the parts that children learn the best.

-For semantics (vocabulary) the amount and the type of words that a child hears really matters.

Fill in the blank: ______ is any property that separates a subset of elements from a group.

Which does not apply to Distinctive features?

Think about:

p and d

m and v

Which ones are closer together?

Think about Distinctive features:

Which major class feature has open vocal tract which promotes voicing?

Think about Distinctive features:

Which major class feature has sound produced with a high degree of constriction?

Think about Distinctive features:

Which major class feature has sound produced with a low degree of constriction?

Think about Distinctive features:

Which cavity feature has sound produced with the blade of the tongue raised from neutral position?

Think about Distinctive features:

Which cavity feature has sound produced in the frontal region of the mouth with alveolar ridge being the posterior boarder (aka alveolar and forward)?

Think about Distinctive features:

Which cavity feature has sound produced with an open nasal passageway?

Think about Distinctive features:

Which cavity feature has sound produced with lowered rim portion of the tongue?

Think about Distinctive features:

Which cavity feature has sound produced with high tongue position, some vowels as well as consonants?

Think about Distinctive features:

Which cavity feature has sound produced with low tongue position, some vowels as well as consonants?

Think about Distinctive features:

Which cavity feature has sound produced with retracted tongue position, some vowels as well as consonants?

Think about Distinctive features:

Which cavity feature has sound produced with rounded lip position?

Think about Distinctive features:

Which manner feature has sound produced with "incessant" sounds produced without hindering the airstream?

Think about Distinctive features:

Which manner feature has sound produced by a slow release of a total obstruction within the oral cavity?

Think about Distinctive features:

Which source feature has sound produced with simultaneous vocal fold vibration?

Think about Distinctive features:

Which source feature has sound produced with simultaneous vocal fold vibration?

One idea related to ________ is taht perhaps speech error patterns are the result, substitutions, and/or omissions when children's knowledge of speech sound's distinctive features is incomplete

Which is NOT true regarding implicational universals?

Which one applies to generative phonology

According to implicational universals, knowledge of affricates implies knowledge of ______

According to implicational universals, knowledge of fricatives implies knowledge of ______

According to implicational universals, knowledge of liquids implies knowledge of ______

Fill in the blank: According to ______ big change can only occur if the individual understands the rules and features that distinguish every phoneme that they learn from every other phoneme that they learn.

True or False:

According to dynamic systems theory, for phonological interventions, you should present complex infult in treatment to enhance widespread generalization of learning across the phonological system, thereby improving treatment efficacy.

Select all that apply about how learnability theory is applied to generative phonology.

Select all that apply to both nativists and empiricists

True or False:

Empiricists believe that speech sound acquisition is developmental

Which of the following does NOT apply to empiricisms

What is this the definition of?

Systems (like children) that exhibit internal states (like phonological knowledge) that evolve over time and how these systems interact with applied input.

According to _______, big change occurs gradually and is based on the child's previous knowledge about targeted phonemes. What the child knows about a phoneme that she doesn't produce yet (in and adult-like manner) still helps her eventually produce it.

What is this the definition of?

Children know a small subste of phonemes which they know as well as adults. The child's system matures and eventually children can discriminate between the presence and absence of differentiating distinct features

True or False Gierut et al. say that by targeting earlier acquired sounds, there is greater system-wide change (across-class generalization)

Which of the following is a key assumption for learnability theory?

Select all that apply:

What are the take-aways from Rvachew & Nowak (2001) article

True or False: According to the complexity approach, there is some evidence of generalization, whereas early-developing phoneme targeting does not have evidence of that.

True or False: According to the complexity approach & Storkel: If rapid completion of treatment steps in a longer number of sessions or learning of the treatment is the primary goal of treatment, then treatment of most-knowledge/early-acquired targets through the sentence level may be optimal.

True or False: According to the complexity approach & Storkel: If system-wide phonological change is the goal of treatment, then treatment of least-knowledge/late-acquired targets through a required set of treatment steps may be optimal.

If I was working on minimal contrast pairs with a client and I wanted to use the learnability theory, which two targets would I pick?

If I was working on minimal contrast pairs with a client and I wanted to use the dynamic systems theory, which two targets would I pick?

Children do not start off with an adult's inventory of speech sounds. As children add speech sounds to their inventory of speech sounds, children produce errors. These errors can be:

True or False: If we are working with children with phonology-based errors, we should prioritize how their position their articulators—knowledge of how to position articulators to produce speech sounds in word positions.

True or False: If we are working with children with phonology-based errors (knowledge of speech sounds in their language), we should prioritize resolving speech sound error posters, knowledge of speech sounds, and producing target speech sounds in word positions.

According to the _______ approach, work on "difficult sounds" firsts (child not producing the sound in any context, developmentally later acquired, phnemes that share many distinctive features of sounds not yet produced by child)

According to the _______ approach, work on "easy sounds" first (developmentally earlier acquired, child is producing the sound in some contexts or close to producing).

Which of the following is a reason why you should do speech intervention for a school-age child during school hours

______ is the degree or extent to which a speaker is understood. It can also be defined as a judgment made by a clinician based o how much of an utterance is understood.

True or False: Intelligibility is important because it is critical to thinking about adverse educational impact and to thinking about progress for children with Speech Sound Disorders

Select the factors that contribute to whether a speaker is understood

True or False: for contextual factors, these are factors within the child that affect intelligibility. For example, does the child have several speech sound error patterns, and is she missing her front teeth?

True or False: for contextual factors, these are factors outside the child that affect intelligibility. For example, is the audience familiar with the child? Can the child hear himself misarticulate sounds or is the environment too noisy?

What type of factors am I describing?

Child's speech skills -speech production, loudness, prosody, speech sounds produced at that single-word-level (limiting or age appropriate), speech sounds produced in connected speech (limiting or age appropriate), child's repair of conversational breakdowns (e.g. say more accurately, use different words), Nature of spoken material (utterance length, phonological complexity)

What type of factors am I describing?

-Listener familiarity with langauge, dialect, speaker

-Diversity of listeners across contexts (e.g. home, school)

-Environmental noise

-Conversation topic

-Grammatical Structure

-Presence of visual cues

-Monologue or Dialogue

-Is the child picking up the toy to show you if you can't understand

What am I describing?

How much do you understand? It is not scientific and context is not included

What am I describing?

How much do you understand? Most, some, very little

How much do you understand 25%, 50%, 75%, nearly 100%

This information captures different contexts and across various metrics

What am I describing?

Some sort of direct measurement that yealds a reliable quantitative score

Which of the following is NOT a problem encountered when measuring intelligibility

What am I describing?

The intelligibility Context Scale (ICS)

-A parent reports child's intelligibility

The 7-item questionnaire rates the degree to which children's speech is understood by different communication partners on a 5 point scale

What am I describing?

The intelligibility Context Scale (ICS)

-A parent reports child's intelligibility

The 7-item questionnaire rates the degree to which children's speech is understood by different communication partners on a 5 point scale

Select the advantages of the Intelligibility in Context Scale (ICS)

Select the disadvantages of the Intelligibility in Context Scale (ICS)

What am I describing?

Preschool Speech Intelligibility Measure (PSIM):

-50 sets of 12 phonetically similar words

-Random section of one word from each list to create a list of 50 words.

*The child repears words modeled by adults

-Listener chooses from a list of 12 options for each word production

-Clacualte percent of word productions identified correctly by the listener

-Intended fro progress monitoring

Fill in the blank: For the PSIM (a quantitative method for gathering intelligibility) a score below _______ % suggests that the child is significantly less intelligible than same age peers.

Select the advantages of the PSIM (Preschool Speech Intelligibility Measure)

Select the disadvantages of the PSIM (Preschool Speech Intelligibility Measure)

True or False: Percent Consonants Correct is a measure of intelligibility.

Fill in the blank: _______ is an umbrella tern referrin to any difficulty or combination of difficulties with perception, motor production, or phonological representing of speech sounds and speech segments - including phonotactic rules governing permissible speech sounds sequences in language.

Does the term "speech sound disorders" encapsulate both articulation and phonology?"

True or False: A child who has a speech sound disorder is delayed in the acquisition of speech sounds (phonemes) and the child's speech is more difficult to understand that is expected given the child's age.

Which of the following is a reason why we give a speech assessment?

Select the term that applies:

The study of psychological measurement. A tool's ability to measure in human's what it says it measures.

Select the term that applies:

It is answering the question of what are you actually measuring with your scale. It quantifies the accuracy of your measurement!

True or False: If you don't have validity, you can't get reliability.

Select the term that applies:

It is making sure you are measuring -whatever it is. -well. It is a way to quantify the consistency of your measurement.

Select the term that applies:

Proportion of actual positives that are correctly identified. How many children with a speech sound disorder are identified as having a speech sound disorder?

Select the term that applies:

Proportion of true negatives that are actually identified. How many children without an SSD were identified as not have an SSD.

Select the term that applies:

The degree to which a pair of variables are linearly related.

What is this type of correlation

What is this type of correlation

What is this type of correlation

What is this type of correlation

Select all that apply:

A normative sample should include:

Select the term that applies:

How closely a test is related to other tests that measure the same (or similar) constructs. For example: A test of phonology should have this with other validated phonology tests.

Select the term that applies:

A measure of reliability obtained by administering the same test twice over a period of time to a group of individuals. An individual should obtain the same score if test measures a stable characteristic about an individual.

True or False: For standards for educaiton and psychological testing, in order for a test to be valid, it must provide at least 4 opportunities for each of the 11 core phonological patterns.

According to Kirk and Vigeland for convergent validity, compared to another test of philological error patterns that has been validated, and the correlation coefficient between test scores must be at least _____%

According to Kirk and Vigeland for reliability, evidence of test-retest reliability and interscorer reliability should be ______%

True or False: According to Kirk and Vigeland, only two commericailly-available assessments studied in this project met all the necessary criteria to be deemed "psychometrically sound"

True or False: In the GFTA-3 all errors are created equal

True or False: In the GFTA-3, clusters are scored as with good, fair, or poor

What is the problem with the GFTA-3's convergent validity

GFTA-3 Reliability:

Sounds in words test-retest: 0.83

Sounds in sentence test-retest: 0.91

Does it have test-retest reliability?

True or False: In teh AAPS (Arizona Articulation and Phonology Scale) errors are not weighted

True or False: In teh AAPS (Arizona Articulation and Phonology Scale) each word is scored for all phonemes and medial consonants are included.

True or False: In the AAPS (Arizona Articulation and Phonology Scale) has articulation and phonological subtests

True or False: In the AAPS (Arizona Articulation and Phonology Scale) has articulation and phonological subtests

True or False: The AAPS (Arizona Articulation and Phonology Scale) did not receive a 0.9 convergent validity, but it is still better than the GFTA-3 because it was compared to other strong assessments

According to Dodd and Colleagues, which group predicts persistent phonologically based errors?

According to Dodd and collegues, what was the outcome for the articulation only group?

According to Dodd and collegues, what was the outcome for the delayed phonology group?

According to Dodd and colleagues, what was the outcome for the disorderd phonology (disordered phonological + articulation) group?

True or False: When intelligibility improves, so does percent consonants correct

Percent consonants correct is a measure of speech accuracy. It only looks at contextual factors

Which of the following is NOT a key assumption of the learnability theory?

Which of the following is NOT a kep assumption of Dynamic Systems Theory?

Rvachew and Nowak were arguing for early developing phoneme approach. What is true about their study and their findings?

True or false: speech sound disorders can affect the form of speech sounds within a specific language system.

An ______ is the atypical production of phones

True or False: Articulation disorders can only affect /s/, /z/, and consonantal/vocalic r

Fill in the blank: _______: difficulty with the motor production aspects of speech or the inability to produce certain speech sounds.

What am I describing?

H preferance: initial consonants are h

Backing: marking alveolar consonants with velars

Initial consonant deletion

Stressed syllable deletion

affrication

Check all that apply:

A child's speech sound aquisition is:

What am I describing?

Substitution of /b/ for voiced bilabial fricative v

Differening realizations of I (I -> i)

Variable production of ch and sh (ch -> sh)

T and d produced for that and thorn

______ are two words that differ in only one phoneme value.

What am I describing?

It is preceded by tupcal child speech errors

Children start life with a speech sound inventory that is more limited than that of adults.

What is this

What is the SECOND one on this list?

______ transcription capture productions with as much detail as possible and are deonted in [ ]

______ transcription used to discriminate between phonemes.

In isolation, youlose value impared by diacritics

Denoted in / /

___ are early produced sounds. They show on mouth whane talking, so there is a strong visual

___ are early produced sound (s). they are produced with an open mouth and easier. The is little constriction.

True or False: The easier sounds to produce tend to be the ones that children acquire first

when do children approximately aquire these consonants:

/m, n, b, p, d, t, w, j, h/

when do children approximately aquire these consonants:

/k, g, f, v, n, long n, "ch", d3, 3/

when do children approximately aquire these consonants:

/s, z, "sh", theta, thorn, l, r, l, 3/

when do children approximately aquire these consonants:

/ a, ʊ, I, ʌ/

when do children approximately aquire these consonants:

/ɔ, u, ɛ, æ, i, oʊ, aI, eI, aʊ, ɔI/

when do children approximately aquire these consonants:

/ɚ, ɝ/ and rhotic diphthongs: /Ir, ɛr, ɔr, ar/

______: any consonant other than /s/ in which air escapres from sides of tongue - mostly /s, z/ second most common "sh"

______: articualatory variateion when tongue approaches the upper incisors- often applied to /s, z, d, t, and "sh"/

Which of the following is NOT a phonological process error?

Complete blockage

very narrow opening between articulators

stop and fricative component

nasal emission

artiuclators come close together but not as much as frictives

Describe the phonetic categories and features used to characterize consonants.

Describe the phonological processes

Which of the following does NOT apply to MAE

True or false: an accent is a neural label that refers to any variety of langue that is shared by a group of speakers

Which of the following is NOT a difference between AAVE AND MAE consonant mastery

Which of the following is part of phonological awareness

True or false: there is a connection between learning to read and phonological awareness

What part of phonological awareness am I describing?

Awareness that words can be divided into syllables.

Syllable identification: How many syllables does the word baby have

Word completion: Rainbow: I'll say the first part and you say the second part. Rain_

What part of phonological awareness and emerging literacy am I describing?

Recongition of the nose of a syllable. (onset= all the osudns before the vowel nucleaus of a syllable.

Tast measuring it: Spoken rhyme recognition. Do hop and top rhyme?

Recognition of words that do not rhyme: which word does not rhyme: cat, sat, top

Spoken rhyme production: tell me a word that rhymes with cat

Onset-rhyme blending: c and at is blended into

What part of phonological awareness and emerging literacy am I describing?

Ability to manipulate sounds

Phememe detection: which of these words has a different first sound

Phoneme matching: which words begins with teh same sound as rose - time, run

Phoneme isolation: Which sound do you hear ath the beginning of the word road

Which of the following is a difference between SIE and MAI?

Which of the following is a reason we collect a speech sample?

Children do best in which of the following

Select all of the considerations when collecting a speech sample:

When you collect a child's speech sound inventory and you find out about all the speech sounds that the child uses to distinguish between possible words.

When you collect a child's speech sound inventory and you find out about all the speech sounds that the child can articulate

______ refers to testing the client's ability to produce a misarticulated sound in an appropriate manner when "stimualted by the clinician."

Stimulabilty testing is doing with of the following?

True or False: Articulation-based errors only occur in certain contexts (ex: word positions: initial, medial, final, in isolation)

WHich traditional targeting Articulation intervention strategy am I describing?

Model behavior "watch me and do exactly what I do."

WHich traditional targeting Articulation intervention strategy am I describing?

instructions for placement of articulators: put the sides of your tongue on the bumpy ridge.

WHich traditional targetingArticulation intervention strategy am I describing?

modifying production of the target sound from an existing sound, "You are saying sho with sh. We want to say so.

Which articuation intervervention strategy amd i describing?

Find a sound that the child produces where the place of articulation is very close to the place of articulation for the targeted sound

Which articuation intervervention strategy amd i describing?

Fproduction of the target in easy vc or cvc contexts.

Which of the following is an example of facilitating contexts

The child is producing

Which method should i use if the client is producing s and z in some contexts

The child is not prododcing /s/ or /z/

True or False: When working on Rs with a client you need to make sure you aware of the the way they produce r so that you can work with them correctly.

True or False: When working on Rs with a client you need to make sure they are correctly rounding their lips