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WorksheetsA Level Biology C19 Recap
Total questions: 25
Worksheet time: 37mins
(a) is the result of inserting a gene(s) of interest into the genome of a different organism.
Reorder the following steps when attempting to transfer a gene from one organism to another
Identify and isolate a gene
Perform PCR
Treat vector with restriction endonuclease
Mix vector with gene
Clone transformed vectors
Which of the following is NOT part of the genetic engineering "toolkit"?
Enzymes
Vectors
Antibodies
Markers
Restriction endonucleases (RE) are derived from bacteria. How do bacteria protect their own DNA from being cut by RE (choose all that apply)?
Chemically altering their DNA
Genetic material is protected inside a nucleus
RE are inactive in bacterial cells
Bacterial genomes do not have target sites for RE
What is the benefit of using reverse transcriptase to generate a gene of interest (DNA) from mRNA compared to extracting the gene from DNA directly?
Which of the following are TRUE regarding complementary DNA (cDNA) (choose all that apply)?
cDNA is synthesised by reverse transcriptase
cDNA can be found in nature
cDNA is shorter than genomic DNA
cDNA does not contain introns
Which of the following is NOT used as a vector for genetic engineering?
Plasmids
Bacteria
Viruses
Liposomes
Using one restriction endonuclease (RE) on a genome to isolate a gene, and a different RE on a plasmid will not result in transformation of the plasmid. Explain why this happens.
With regards to the insertion of a gene into a plasmid, the restriction endonuclease must be added (a) the synthesis of complementary DNA (cDNA).
What is the role of guide RNA (gRNA) in the Crispr/Cas9 gene editing technique?
Will be translated to Cas9 enzyme
Binds to target site and aligns Cas9 enzyme
Catalyses excision of faulty alleles
Is reverse transcribed to fix errors in DNA sequences
Many components in genetic engineering are derived from microorganisms. Which of the following are used by bacteria for protection (choose all that apply)?
Reverse transcriptase
Crispr/Cas9
Restriction enzymes
Taq polymerase
Reorder the following steps in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Denaturation
Annealing
Extension
List down 4 common components required in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
What are some applications of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (choose all that apply)?
To detect bacterial or viral pathogens in patients
To amplify genes of interest for further research
To detect genetic diseases in individuals
To measure gene expression
List down two advantages of using Taq polymerase in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Which of the following is NOT a factor that can affect the movement of DNA during gel electrophoresis?
Concentration of DNA samples
Net charge of DNA fragments
Size of DNA fragments
Size of pores in gel
Gel electrophoresis works on the basis of opposite charges being attracted to one another. What would happen if a researcher attached the cathode (negative) to the opposite end of the gel from the DNA samples?
Match the following components of a gel electrophoresis with their function.
DNA ladder
Provide a reference for fragment length
Loading dye
Visualise how far the DNA samples have moved in the gel
Buffer solution
Allows a current to pass through the gel
Comb
Produce wells in the gel
Fluorescent probes
Visualise DNA fragments after separation
Which of the following are TRUE regarding minisatellites and microsatellites (choose all that apply)?
Microsatellites are smaller than minisatellites
Both are located in exons
Are used in DNA fingerprinting
Only located on autosomal chromosomes
Based on the DNA fingerprints of the mother and child, which man is the father?
Dad 1
Dad 2
Dad 3
What is the MAIN advantage of a microarray compared to PCR when it comes to detecting gene presence?
Which steps should be performed on DNA samples to allow DNA hybridisation to take place on a microarray (choose all that apply)?
PCR
DNA denaturation
Gel electrophoresis
Digestion with restriction enzymes
Which of the following is NOT a suitable application of a microarray?
To detect multiple genes in a single biological sample
To measure expression of a single gene in multiple biological samples
To compare the expression of multiple genes in multiple biological samples
To detect multiple genes in multiple biological samples
The collection, processing, and analysis of biological information and data using
computer software is known as _____
Bioliterature
Biobanking
Biotechnology
Bioinformatics
List down 3 advantages of using microorganisms for genetic engineering over animals.
