The insertion is done using enzymes that “cut and paste” DNA, and it produces a

molecule of (a)   , or DNA assembled out of fragments from multiple sources.

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A (a)   is a DNA-cutting enzyme that recognizes a specific target sequence and cuts DNA into two pieces at or near that site.

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Plasmids and other DNA can be introduced into bacteria, such as the harmless E. coli used in labs, in a process called transformation.

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(a)  

A (a)   typically contains an antibiotic resistance gene, which allows bacteria to survive in the presence of a specific antibiotic.

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(a)   ultimately is a material process that arose from a nonliving material system

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Organisms are able to maintain internal conditions within a narrow range almost constantly, despite environmental changes, through (a)   (literally, “steady state”)—the ability of an organism to maintain constant internal conditions.

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Many molecules that are biologically important are (a)   , large molecules that are typically formed by polymerization (a polymer is a large molecule that is made by combining smaller units called

monomers, which are simpler than macromolecules).

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An (a)   consists of all the living things in a particular area together with the abiotic, non-living parts of that environment such as nitrogen in the soil or rain water.

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An (a)   is a higher level of organization that consists of functionally related organs.

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