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WorksheetsChemistry Final Review
Total questions: 54
Worksheet time: 28mins
Sodium chloride, NaCl, is formed when a sodium atom transfers its electron to a chlorine atom. The difference in charge between the two atoms creates a(n) ___________ attraction that bonds them together.
Responses
nuclear
electrostatic
gravitational
elementary
Identify the solution that does NOT result in a chemical reaction.
KCl(aq) + NaNO3 (aq) → KNO3 (aq) + NaCl(aq)
C3H7OH(g) + O2 (g) → CO32 (g) + H2O(g)
HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → H2O(l) + NaCl(aq)
Ca(NO3)2 (aq) + Na2CO3 (aq) → CaCO3 (s) + 2NaNO3 (aq)
The pH of a cup of black coffee is 5 while the pH of glass of tomato juice is 4. Comparing the pH of the two liquids, the tomato juice has _______________ [H+] than the coffee.
100 times more
half as many
10 times more
10 times less
The strength of an acid or base depends on the degree of ionization in water. The graph represents a
strong base
strong acid
weak acid
weak base
The combustion of natural gas is represented by the thermochemical equation: CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(l);ΔH = -890.3 kJ
Assuming an excess of oxygen, how much heat can you produce if you burn 1 kg of CH4?
-1.780 X 106 kJ
5.564 X 104 kJ
8.903 X 105 kJ
-5.564 X 104 kJ
Red cabbage is an organic indicator for acids and bases. In the pictures above, assess which test tube(s) may have ammonia dissolved in it and justify the choice.
Ammonia may be in one of the test tubes on the left since the pH of ammonia is below 7.
Ammonia could be in the middle or the right test tubes since it is a weak to moderate base.
Ammonia is probably in the middle since it is naturally a gas and will evaporate off leaving a neutral solution with pH = 7.
Ammonia could be in a couple of the test tubes on the right since it is a acid.
ozone
water
carbon dioxide
methane
The reaction vessel currently contains partial partial pressures of PSO3=0.74 atm, PSO2=0.29 atm, and PO2=0.35 atm.
Determine if the reaction is at equilibrium and if not which direction the reaction needs to move toward to re-establish equilibrium.
Move toward the reactants.
Equilibrium stays the same.
No change in the equilibrium.
Flow toward the products.
Which aqueous solution will theoretically have the lowest freezing point?
0.001 M CaCl2
0.001 M C6H12O6
0.001 M AlCl3
0.001 M NaCl
KClO3 ---> KCl + O2
Balance the decomposition chemical reaction.
KClO3 ---> KCl + O2
2KClO3 ---> KCl + 3O2
2KClO3 ---> 2KCl + 3O2
2KClO3 ---> 2KCl + 6O2
Carbon and fluorine combine covalently to form a binary compound. What is the formula of the compound with the name carbon tetrafluoride?
C4F
CF4
C4F4
CF
Under which set of circumstances will the pressure of a gas DEFINITELY increase?
Raising the temperature and increasing the volume of the gas.
Lowering the temperature and reducing the volume of the gas.
Increasing the moles and increasing the volume of the gas.
Raising the temperature and reducing the volume of the gas.
Propanol, C3H7OH, consists of mostly ________________ bonds and it might be expected to dissolve only in hexane, however, the ________________ C-O and O-H bonds allow this compound to dissolve in water.
nonpolar covalent, polar covalent
polar covalent, ionic
metallic, polar covalent
polar covalent, nonpolar covalent
Two cups of the same size are filled to the brim with clear liquids. Only one container holds water. The other contains a liquid that has greater density than water. How could you safely identify the container holding the water?
Taste the liquid in both cups.
Touch the liquid in both cups.
See which cup feels heavier.
Add salt to the liquids to see if it dissolves.
Lemon Juice, Tums (antacid), Water
Put all of the above household items in order from lowest to highest pH.
Water, Tums, Lemon Juice
Tums, water, lemon juice
Lemon juice, water, Tums
Water, Lemon Juice, Tums
A piece of solid copper, at 10°C, is dropped into a graduated cylinder of 100°C water. Which statement BEST describes the change in heat energy in this system?
Water temperature increases; copper temperature decreases.
Water temperature decreases; copper temperature increases.
Both water and copper temperatures decrease.
The temperatures of both substances remain constant.
When the burner in a hot air balloon is turned on, the temperature of the air in the balloon ________ causing its volume to _________ and the balloon _________.
decreases, contract, rise
increases, expand, rise
decreases, expand, sink
increases, contract, sink
Using only the information available in the periodic table, consider the elements potassium and bromine. From their location on the periodic table, identify the oxidation state and number of valence electrons for potassium and bromine. Then use this information to describe their reactivity. Which statement most accurately describes the compound formed by potassium and bromine?
Potassium and bromide share electrons to form a covalent compound called potassium dibromide (KBr2).
Potassium and bromide form an ionic compound called potassium bromide (K2Br).
Potassium and bromide share electrons to form a covalent compound called potassium monobromide (KBr).
Potassium and bromide form an ionic compound called potassium bromide (KBr).
Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2
One of the reactions in a blast furnace used to reduce iron is shown above. How many grams of Fe2O3 are required to produce 15.5 g of Fe if the reaction occurs in the presence of excess CO?
11.1 g
22.1 g
44.2 g
30.0 g
What is the percent composition of nitrogen in ammonia?
82.24 %
14.007%
0.8224 %
8.224 %
Excluding plasma, which state of matter has the most kinetic energy?
colloid
solid
gas
liquid
A total of 54.0 calories of heat are absorbed as 58.3 g of lead is heated from 12.0° C to 42.0° C. What is the specific heat of lead?
0.031 cal/gram°C
0.022 cal/gram°C
0.017 cal/gram°C
0.029 cal/gram°C
Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
At conditions of Standard Temperature and Pressure, determine how many liters of hydrogen gas are produced by placing a zinc nail with a mass of 2.2g into an excess of hydrochloric acid.
6.42L
0.0015L
1.33L
0.75L
The heat of a reaction may be found with the equation q=mcΔT. A 951 g sample of carbon steel with a specific heat capacity of 0.49 J/(g*K) is heated to 673K and quenched in oil. The steel cools to 523K. Assuming there is no heat lost to the surroundings, calculate the heat absorbed by the oil.
71.2 kJ
69.9 kJ
-31.5 kJ
-69.9 kJ
Prepare a 1.00 L of a 0.25 M solution of sodium carbonate. Determine the amount of sodium carbonate needed in correct significant figures.
332 g
424 g
26 g
21 g
P4O10 + 6PCl5 → 10POCl3
To calculate how many grams POCl3 will be formed from5.0 g PCl5, you need
information about the mass of P4O10 reacting.
to know whether either reactant is a gas.
to know if the product is a gas.
information about the temperature and pressure at which the reaction occurs.
A reversible exothermic synthesis (combination) reaction produces one mole of gaseous product from two moles of gaseous reactant. Which set of conditions will shift the reaction farthest toward the products?
low temperature, high pressure
high temperature, high pressure
high temperature, low pressure
low temperature, low pressure
A catalyzed reaction will have a _____ activation energy, and this leads to a _____ in the reaction rate.
higher, increase
lower, decrease
higher, decrease
lower, increase
All BUT ONE factor influences a substance's vapor pressure. That is
temperature.
kinetic energy.
type of molecule.
surface area.
1. Reactants store more energy than products
2. Energy is released to surroundings as reaction proceeds
3. Tends to proceed spontaneously
4. Does not require an input of energy
The list above BEST describes what type of reaction?
exergonic
endothermic
endergonic
thermodynamic
A scientist tested Charles’s law, which states that volume is directly related to temperature. Assume constant pressure. What will the scientist observe?
as volume decreases, temperature decreases
as volume increases, temperature stays constant
as volume decreases, temperature increases
as volume decreases, temperature can increase or decrease
The reaction for the combustion of benzene is: 2C6H6 + 15O2 → 12 CO2 +6 H2O. How moles of O2 are required to produce 130 g CO2 in the presence of excess C6H6?
2.95 moles
5.80 moles
2.36 moles
3.69 moles
Consider the substance represented by the heating curve. What is the MOST accurate conclusion can you draw about the vaporization of the substance?
The melting point is half the boiling point.
It takes the substance longer to vaporize than it does to condense.
Heat of fusion equals heat of vaporization.
It requires much more energy to vaporize the substance than to melt it.
Why can a liquid change to take the shape of its container but NOT expand to fill the container itself?
because the particles of a liquid have a definite shape but no definite volume
because the particles of a liquid expend large amounts of energy in the flowing process and do not have any left to expand
because the particles of a liquid are held together loosely enough to flow, but not so loose that they expand
because the particles of a liquid are the result of both solid and gaseous phases combining
Collision theory states that for a chemical reaction to occur the reacting particles must collide with one another. In order for collisions to be successful, reacting particles must collide with sufficient energy and in the correct orientation to produce a temporary intermediate product, the activated complex.____________ energy is the minimum energy required for a successful collision.
Kinetic
Collision
Activation
Potential
Ea represents the
sum of the reactants and products energies.
minimum energy particles must have in order to react.
potential energy of the reactants.
energy released by the reaction.
The periodic table is organized by
atomic number.
atomic periodicity.
atomic size.
atomic mass.
Calcium Chloride can be represented by the chemical formula
CaCl2
Ca2Cl
CaCl
Ca2Cl2
Reaction velocity of a biological enzyme is highest at body temperature. Which of these models represent this situation?
The polarity of the water molecule aids in dissolving compounds. This is demonstrated by all but which statement?
The partial positive hydrogen atom end of the water molecule surround anions.
The partial negative oxygen atom end of the water molecule surround cations.
The water molecules also dissolve nonelectrolytes by creating a hydration sphere around the molecule.
The water molecules group together in clumps.
What is one of the major conclusions made from the study of line spectra of various elements?
the movement of electrons outside the nucleus
absorption and emission of energy is quantized
the presence of energy beyond the visible spectrum
the presence of electrons outside the nucleus of an atom
10 mL of 6 M HCl are diluted to 1 L with distilled water. What is the molarity of the dilute solution?
0.06 M
1 M
0.6 M
60 M
Consider the reaction:
4 HCl(g) + O2(g) → 2 H2O(g) + 2 Cl2(g)
The diagram represents an initial mixture of the reactants. How many molecules of Cl2 would be formed from the reaction mixture that produces the greatest amount of products?
2 molecules of Cl2(g)
5 molecules of Cl2(g)
4 molecules of Cl2(g)
3 molecules of Cl2(g)
Bob has two ammonia, NH3, cleaning solutions - a 5 M solution and a 5 percent by mass solution. Given that Bob has 100 g of each solution and the density of the solutions is 1 g/mL. Which solution will be the most effective for cleaning and why?
The 5 percent by mass solution of ammonia has a concentration of 2.9 M and will be less effective at cleaning.
The cleaning solutions will be equally effective for all tasks because they are the same concentration.
The 5M solution will be less effective at cleaning because it has a concentration of 2.1 percent by mass.
The 5 M ammonia solution has a higher concentration and will be a more effective cleaning solution.
The Bohr and quantum mechanical model describe energy levels of atoms as being quantized. This was a good explanation for the observed ____________ of atoms.
line emission spectra
photoelectric effect
wave function
quantum numbers
Which part of an atom is responsible for the phenomenon of line spectra?
neutrons
quarks
protons
electrons
Which compound demonstrated the LEAST increase of solubility as a result of an increase in temperature?
potassium nitrate
sodium nitrate
sodium chloride
potassium iodide
In a popular song from 1970, the musical group Crosby, Stills, and Nash use the line, "We are stardust." Why is this statement true?
All elements, including those in our body, that are heavier than hydrogen are produced by fusion at the center of stars. Explosions of these stars then lead to the creation of planets and organisms.
The primary elements found in living organisms, H, N, O, and C, are constantly radiated through space from the sun.
All elements, including those in our body, that are heavier than hydrogen are produced by fission at the center of stars. Explosions of these stars then lead to the creation of planets and organisms.
The primary elements found in living organisms, H, N, O, and C, are constantly produced by sunlight in the earth's atmosphere.
___HCl + ___CaCO3 → ___CaCl2 + ___H2O + ___CO2
When you have an upset stomach and you take an antacid, this unbalanced reaction occurs. What set of coefficients will balance this equation?
2,3,3,1,3
1,1,1,1,1
2,2,2,1,3
2,1,1,1,1
Ann is studying acid base neutralization reactions and mixes sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid. The reactants were clear, colorless solution and mixing them produces a clear, colorless final solution and the beaker becomes warm. She knows this reaction forms liquid water and an aqueous salt based on the neutralization rules as shown by the chemical equation. What physical evidence indicates that there has been a chemical reaction?
NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
The beaker changes temperature.
Gas bubbles form during the reaction.
The solution changes color.
Precipitate formation occurs.
Food deteriorates more slowly in a refrigerator because
there are fewer collisions due to a lower temperature.
products are removed.
more reactants are added.
the energy of activation is higher.
Predict the products of the combustion of methanol, CH3OH(l).
HOH(l), CO(g)
H2O(l), CO2(g)
CH3OH(l), O2(g)
CH4(l), CO2(g)
During chemistry lab, one lab group decomposes potassium chlorate to collect oxygen gas by water displacement. The total volume is 220 milliliters and is collected at a pressure of 101 kPa at 24°C. The vapor pressure of water at 24°C is found to be 2.98 kPa. What is the pressure of the oxygen collected?
98.2 kPa
101.20 kPa
98.02 kPa
104.28 kPa
Given the following equation:
4NH3 + 5O2 → 6H2O + 4NO
During the combustion of NH3, there is an increase in the amount of oxygen present, from 5 to 20 moles while the amount of NH3 remains unchanged. Given this change in oxygen, what can we say about this chemical reaction?
An increase in the amount of oxygen will cause an increase in both products.
The ratio of NH3 to NO produced will remain constant since NH3 is the limiting reactant.
There will be an excess of oxygen and therefore the amount of NO produced will increase to 16 moles.
The amount of NO produced will remain constant in the reaction because oxygen is the limiting reactant.
