Bats and birds are only very distantly related, and both evolved wings for flight in very different evolutionary pathways.

What is the term that describes the wing structures that these species evolved?

Nearly all African elephants have tusks. In 1930, only 1% of the elephant population in Uganda lacked tusks because of a rare genetic mutation. Food was fairly plentiful, and by 1963, there were 3,500 elephants. In the 1970s, civil war in Uganda resulted in wildlife being killed for food, and poachers killed elephants for their ivory tusks. By 1992, the elephant population had dropped to about 200. But by 1998, the population had increased to 1,200. A survey in 1998 revealed that as many as 30% of the adult elephants lacked tusks. There was also a decline in poaching. One part of the Theory of Natural Selection states that variations exist within inherited traits.

Which statement is an example of genetic variation?

which plant group was the first to diverge in the lineage?

As described in the table, which phylogenetic tree correctly identifies the evolutionary relationships among the four cereal grain species?

According to the phylogenetic tree, ​ ​ ​ (a)   is most closely related to the salamander?​

The pelvis and femur of the whale are examples of ​ ____________ structures.

What can be inferred about the evolution of these organisms based upon the anatomical structure of each species?

Which statement best explains the presence of the humerus bone in all four vertebrates?

Cytochrome c is a protein that is essential for aerobic respiration. It is a universal compound that is present in all aerobic organisms. The graph shows the difference in the DNA sequence that codes for human cytochrome c when compared with cytochrome c of other organisms.

Which organism shares the most recent common ancestor with humans?

The methods used to classify organisms have changed throughout the history of science. One technique used by modern scientists to determine the evolutionary relationships of organisms is to compare their amino acid sequences. Examine the amino acid sequence chart and the four phylogenetic trees.

Which phylogenetic tree best represents the information shown in the chart?

A student listed some features of mitochondria and chloroplasts that differentiate them from the rest of the eukaryotic cell.

What does this information suggest about both organelles?

Examine the rock strata shown in the diagram. Which fossil is the oldest?

A NC town builds a hydroelectric dam, separating a population of fish. Years later the dam is demolished, allowing the fish to interact, but they can no longer mate together. ​ ​__________ Isolation has occurred.

The Aldabra rail is a flightless, wetland bird found on a small island off the coast of Africa. The physical characteristics of Aldabra rail are distinctly different than the rails living on the mainland of Africa.

Which aspect of natural selection was the greatest  contributor to physical differences between island and mainland rails?

The light-colored peppered moth was a dominant species in England prior to the industrial revolution. With an increase in the black soot produced by industries, more dark-colored peppered moths began to appear in areas where trees were covered by soot. Gradually, the dark-colored moths dominated the population by over 98%.

What is one explanation as to why natural selection resulted in the presence of more dark-colored moths over time?

The lakes of the East African Rift sustain about 2,000 different species of cichlid fish. These lakes have formed fragmented landscapes that caused the isolation and evolution of these fish species. Many different fish species have diversified as they learned to feed on different types of foods in the lakes during the course of evolution. The morphological variations in these fish species allowed them to make their own niche in these lakes.

Which evolutionary process best explains the presence of wide varieties of cichlid fish in the lakes of the East African Rift?

In the late 1940s, the World Health Organization started programs to wipe out malaria with the use of DDT, which was used to kill the mosquito that was a vector for malaria. During its early years, the program ran successfully. Within a few decades, DDT lost its effectiveness against the mosquito.

Which explanation describes why mosquitoes continue to be a vector for malaria?

Sickle cell anemia is a disorder common in the sub-Saharan region of Africa. Although sickle cell anemia is generally fatal, having one allele for the disorder is also known to make a person resistant to malaria. Research shows that in the areas where malaria is most common, the sickle cell trait is seen in more than 40% of the total population.

Which concept best explains why such a large percentage of the population has the sickle cell trait in this region?

A student studies the antibiotic sensitivity of two bacterial species. Species P has 5 strains, and Species Q has 3 strains. The table identifies the antibiotic to which each species is sensitive.

In an experiment, the student prepares a nutrient medium containing three antibiotics: tetracycline, streptomycin, and vancomycin. Both species will be added to the nutrient medium.

What will be the likely  outcome of the experiment?

A species of bird that shows a wide range of diversity in beak shapes and sizes colonizes a small island where it had never previously existed. What is the advantage of having a high degree of variability in beak size and shape in this new habitat?

After a lake dried up during a severe drought, a section of undisturbed rock layers was exposed. The layers are represented below.

This sequence of rock layers best illustrates the concept that

Match the term with the definition.

Which diagram below indicates that species D is more closely related to C than it is to either A or B?

Most of the species that belong to the Class Reptilia are common in many parts  of the world, including the United States. Common species of this class include crocodiles, turtles, and lizards. However, one lizard-like member of this class, a tuatara, is found in only one part of the world – New Zealand.

Which of the following statements is an accurate description of the evolutionary relationships to tuataras as represented in this phylogenetic tree?

Which of the following characteristics listed in Table 1 below best supports the possibility of a common ancestor for the plant organisms listed there?

Daria’s older sibling claims that when she is sick, she can take the same antibiotic, regardless of the type of infection.  In fact, when she’s feeling better, she can stop taking it.

Which of the following statements are correct?

Which term best describes the diagram?

Which cell pictured to the right would be the least efficient at moving nutrients in and wastes out?

Which phase of mitosis is represented in the diagram?

What is the end product of asexual reproduction?

Which best describes the end result of meiosis?

Which process occurs before mitosis and meiosis?

The diagram to the right depicts which of the following processes that helps to increase genetic diversity in organisms?

Some bacteria contain a substance called nitrogenase. Nitrogenase catalyzes the chemical reaction that converts atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) into ammonia (NH₃). Nitrogenase is an example of which of the following?

Which of the following is supported by the data?