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WorksheetsMarine Science Unit 3 - Reef, Habitats and Connectivity
Total questions: 27
Worksheet time: 14mins
A habitat former is
Any organism that forms a habitat
Can be primary, secondary or focal
Any organism that destroys a habitat
An organism that must migrate
An ecosystem engineer is best described as....
Species that can only create a habitat
Species that can only maintain a habitat
Species that modify their environment in a significant manner, creating new habitats, maintaining or modifying existing ones to suit their needs.
None of these
A mathematical way to calculate the health of an ecosystem. When the fraction/decimal is closer to 1 = likely means a healthier ecosystem.
BIODIVERSITY INDEX
ABIOTIC FACTOR
biodiversity
BIOTIC FACTOR
Corals are referred to as ecosystem
makers
niche builders
bulkers
engineers
Surface run-off, salinity fluctuations, climate change, cyclic crown-of-thorns outbreaks, overfishing, spills and improper ballast
All pressures affecting coral reefs
Have no impact on coral reefs
If water from ship ballasts are released close to shore they
do no harm
can release grown non endemic organisms
can release plankton of non endemic organisms
can release high nutrient water causing pollution
________________ practices can reduce and improve the quality of run off water
riparian management practices
only farm management practices
climate management practices
land management practices
Crown of thorns starfish COTS increase due to
natural cycles
farm run off
climate change
increased nutrient and removal of predators
The roughness of a reefs surface is called
diversity
roughness
rugosity
niche diversity
Ecosystems with high interconnectivity have
high resilience
low diversity
low resilience
high biodiversity
How do herbivorous fish benefit coral reef ?
they store nutrients and stay close together
they are not a benefit as corals close as they swim by
they cover the corals
reduce algae so they do not smother corals
The point at which an ecosystem can no longer cope with environmental change is called
crash point
eco point
tipping point
set point
The dependence of the state of an ecological system on its history is called?
hysteresis
ahistorical
hieratical
non-historical
The migration to different habitats at different life cycle stages is known as
Migration
Transportation
Ontogenetic migration
Ontogenetic transportation
A typical coral reef fish has a two-part life cycle
pelagic and demersal
demersal and planktonic
pelagic and diel migration
demersal and transportation
Seagrass beds and mangroves are usually known as
spawning sites
nursery habitats
incomplete habitats
connectors
Many species of fish, including many commercially important species, spend part of their lifecycle in mangroves, seagrass, estuaries or shallow coastal habitat.
True
False
The point at which an ecosystem can no longer cope with environmental change and the ecosystem rapidly (and often unexpectedly) shifts to a new state is known as
Resilience
Disturbance
Environmental tipping point
Ecological tipping point
A rugosity index is a measure that provides
an indication of the species evenness
an indication of the structural habitat complexity.
an indication of the richness
an indication of reef health
Rugosity can be measured using the
Tape and dissolved oxygen method
Tape and health method
Chain and card method
Chain and tape method
High rugosity -------- fish diversity because it ---------- interspecific competition by providing a greater range of niches and resources.
increases, reduces
increases, increases
decreases, increases
reduces, reduces
The extent to which populations of organisms are linked by the exchange of eggs, larval recruits, juveniles or adults as well as ecological linkages associated with adjacent and distant habitats over time.
Convergence
Construction
Connectivity
Conduction
The reproduction and recruitment of organisms to replace those that have died as the result of disturbances (eg, bleaching, cyclones, fishing) or natural processes.
Species revival
Species replenishment
Species retrieval
Species reduction
Coral cover is
The percentage of substrate that is not occupied by coral
The percentage of substrate that is occupied by sediment
The percentage of substrate that is occupied by scleractinian corals.
The amount of fish species
What is the quadrat survey technique?
A series of squares of a set size are placed in a habitat of interest and the species within those quadrats are identified and recorded.
A tape or string laid along the ground in a straight line between two poles as a guide to a sampling method used to measure the distribution
Study of organisms that make up bottom communities
Vertical distribution of species
An inshore reef near a highly populated area experienced increased levels of coastal runoff. The long-term reduction in coral cover experienced by the reef was most likely caused by an increased
Availability of light
population of macroalgae
frequency of coral disease
frequency of bleaching susceptibility
Factors that reduce coral cover include
COTs
poor water quality
bleaching
disease
