“There is a fly in my soup,” said

Simone.

Anika said “I need to see my mom

today”.

(a)  

The kid said, “I ate the leftover food.”

(a)  

The kid said, “I ate the leftover food.”

(a)  

The kid said, “I ate the leftover food.”

(a)  

The kid said, “I ate the leftover food.”

(a)  

A report on what someone

said or wrote without using

that person’s exact words.

Examples:

The kid said he had eaten his

breakfast already.

The janitor told us not to walk

in that area.

(a)  

Basic Rules in Changing

Direct Speech (DS) to Indirect Speech (IS)

(a)  

in reported clause are always changed

according to the subject of the reporting clause.

DS: Johanne said, “I feel sad”.

IS: Johanne said she felt sad.

(a)  

in reported clause are always changed

according to the object of the reporting clause.

DS: Kobe said to Harvey, “You rode the

car yesterday.”

RS: Kobe said to Harvey that he rode the

car the day before.

(a)  

in reported clause are not changed.

DS: Regine mentioned, “She looks

gorgeous.”

RS: Regine mentioned that she looked

gorgeous.

(a)  

NO CHANGE IN THE VERB

TENSE OF REPORTED CLAUSE EXAMPLES:

DS: Seilani says, “I am going to the marketplace.”

IS: Seilani says that she is going to the marketplace.

DS: Bernardo shouts, “I am running an errand!”

IS: Bernardo shouts that he is running an errand.

(a)  

CHANGE IN THE

VERB TENSE OF

REPORTED

CLAUSE ex. Kobe said….

They mentioned….

He told….

(a)  

DIRECT SPEECH

The woman said, “I

watch the movie.”

INDIRECT SPEECH

The woman said she

watched the movie.

The mother said, “I

need to clean the

house.”

The mother said she

needed to clean the

house.

(a)  

DIRECT SPEECH

Joan said, “My brother

is sleeping.”

Harvey mentioned, “I

am going to the

market.”

INDIRECT

SPEECH

Joan said that her

brother was sleeping.

Harvey mentioned that

he was going to the

market.

(a)  

DIRECT SPEECH

The soccer players said,

“We have prepared for the

finals.”

INDIRECT

SPEECH

The soccer players said

that they had prepared for

the finals.

The priest mentioned, “I

have to go to the church.”

The priest mentioned that

he had to go to the

(a)  

Change in Modal Verb

DIRECT SPEECH

REPORTED SPEECH

(a)  

Other significant word changes

(a)  

CONVERSION OF

INTERROGATIVE AND

IMPERATIVE DIRECT SPEECH

The reporting verb said, or said to is

changed to

(a)  

For yes/no questions, (a)   is used in

place of that

For imperatives as commands, the reporting verb

said or said to is changed to (a)   .

For imperatives as requests, the reporting verb said

or told is changed to .

(a)  

perfect

(a)  

has/have

(a)  

had

(a)  

has

(a)  

have

(a)