In a computer, the _______ subsystem stores data and programs.

In a computer, the _______ subsystem performs calculations and logical opera-tions.

In a computer, the _______ subsystem accepts data and programs and sends pro-cessing results to output devices.

In a computer, the _______ subsystem serves as a manager of the other subsys-tems.

According to the von Neumann model, _______ are stored in memory.

A step-by-step solution to a problem is called _______.

FORTRAN and COBOL are examples of _______.

A 17th-century computing machine that could perform addition and subtraction was the _______.

_______ is a set of instructions in a computer language that tells the computer what to do with data.

_______ is the design and writing of a program in structured form.

The first electronic special-purpose computer was called _______.

One of the first computers based on the von Neumann model was called _______.

The first computing machine to use the idea of storage and programming was called _______.

_______ separated the programming task from computer operation tasks.

When converting a decimal integer to base b, we repeatedly _____ b.

When converting a binary fraction to decimal, we repeatedly ____.

Which of the following representations is erroneous?

Which of the following representations is erroneous?

Which of the following representations is erroneous?

Which of the following representations is erroneous?

Which of the following is equivalent to 12 in decimal?

Which of the following is equivalent to 24 in decimal?

Convert the binary number 1001 to decimal. The answer is:

Convert the binary number 101010 to hexadecimal:

Convert the hexadecimal number 1B to decimal:

A byte consists of _______ bits.

In a set of 64 symbols, each symbol requires a bit pattern length of _______ bits.

How many symbols can be represented by a bit pattern with ten bits?

If the ASCII code for E is 1000101, then the ASCII code for e is _______. An-swer the question without consulting the ASCII table.

A 32-bit code called _______ represents symbols in all languages.

An image can be represented in a computer using the _______ method.

In the _______ graphic method of representing an image in a computer, each pixel is assigned a bit patterns.

In the _______ graphic method of representing an image in a computer, the image is decomposed into a combination of geometrical figures.

In the _______ graphic method of representing an image in a computer, re-scaling of the image creates a ragged or grainy image.

Assume a new Excess system uses 17 bits to represent the exponent section. What is he bias value in this system?

Which number representation method is often used to store the exponential value of a fractional part?

In an Excess conversion, we _______ the number to be converted.

When a fractional part is normalized, the computer stores the _______.

The precision of the fractional part of a number stored in a computer is defined by the _______.

The combination of sign and mantissa of a real number in IEEE standard float-ing point format is stored as an integer in the ____________ representation.

______ is an arithmetic operation.

_______ is a logical bit operator.

The _______ method of integer representation is the most common method for storing integers in computer memory.

In two's complement addition, if there is a final carry after the left most column addition, _______.

For an 8-bit allocation, the smallest decimal number that can be represented in two's complement form is _______.

For an 8-bit allocation, the largest decimal number that can be represented in two's complement form is _______.

In two's complement representation with a 4-bit allocation, we get _______ when we add 1 to 7.

In two's complement representation with a 4-bit allocation, we get _______ when we add 5 to 5.

If the exponent in Excess_127 is binary 10000101, the exponent in decimal is _______.

If we are adding two numbers, one of which has an exponent value of 7 and the other an exponent value of 9, we need to shift the decimal point of the smaller number _______.

_______ operator (s) takes two inputs to produce one output.

The unary _______ operator inverts its single input.

_______ operator (s), if the input is two 0s, the output is 0.

______ operator (s), if the input is two 1s, the output is 0.

For the binary AND operation, only an input of _______ gives an output of 1.

For the binary OR operation, only an input of _______ gives an output of 0.

We use a bit pattern called a _______ to modify another bit pattern.

To flip all the bits of a bit pattern, make a mask of all 1s and then _______ the bit pattern and the mask.

19. To un-set (force to 0) all the bits of a bit pattern, make a mask of all 0s and then _______ the bit pattern and the mask.

To set (force to 1) all the bits of a bit pattern, make a mask of all 1s and then _______ the bit pattern and the mask.

The TCP/IP model has _______ layers.

The _______ layer of the TCP/IP protocol suite provides services for end users.

The _______ layer of the TCP/IP protocol suite transmits a bit stream over a physical medium.

The _______ layer of the TCP/IP protocol suite is responsible for node-to-node delivery of a frame between two adjacent nodes.

The _______ layer of the TCP/IP protocol suite is responsible for source-to-destination delivery of the entire message.

What is the domain name in the e mail address kayla@nasa.gov?

Which physical topology uses a hub or switch?

IP addresses are currently _______ bits in length.

______ protocol (s) is one of the protocols in the transport layer.

_______ is a protocol for file transfer.

_______ is a protocol for e mail services.

_______ is a protocol for accessing and transferring documents on the WWW.

Every computer looking to access the Internet would be known as this

Identifies company or commercial sites

what is indicated when the domain name has only two letters like .us, .uk, .au, .mx, or .ca

_______ is a program that facilitates the execution of other programs.

_______ supervises the activity of each component in a computer system.

Multi-programming requires a _______ operating-system.

_______ is multi-programming with swapping.

_______ is multi-programming without swapping.

In _______, only one program can reside in memory for execution.

_______ is a multi-programming method in which multiple programs are entirely in memory with each program occupying a contiguous space.

In paging, a program is divided into equally sized sections called _______.

In _______, the program can be divided into differently sized sections.

In _______, the program can be divided into equally sized sections called pages, but the pages need not be in memory at the same time for execution.

A process in the _______ state can go to either the ready, terminated, or waiting states.

A process in the ready state goes to the running state when _______.

A program becomes a _______ when it is selected by the operating system and brought to the hold state.

Every process is _______.

The _______ scheduler creates a process from a job and changes a process back to a job.

The _______ scheduler moves a process from one process state to another.

To prevent _______, an operating system can put resource restrictions on pro-cesses.

_______ can occur if a process has too many resource restrictions.

The _______ manager is responsible for archiving and backup.

The _______ manager is responsible for access to I/O devices.

_______ is a step-by-step method for solving a problem or doing a task.

There are ______ basic constructs in computer -science.

The _______construct tests a condition.

The _______ construct uses a set of actions one after another.

The _______ construct handles repeated actions.

_______ is a pictorial representation of an algorithm.

_______ is an English-language-like representation of code.

_____ is a basic algorithm that adds a list of numbers.

_______ is a basic algorithm that multiplies a list of numbers.

_______ is a basic algorithm that arranges data according to its value.

The items are divided into two lists (sorted and unsorted) _____ sort.

In _______ sort, the item that goes into the sorted list is always the first item in the unsorted list.

In _______ sort, the smallest item from the unsorted list is swapped with the item at the beginning of the unsorted list.

In ______ sort, the smallest item moves to the beginning of the unsorted list. There is no one-to-one swapping.

_______ is a basic algorithm in which we want to find the location of a target in a list of items.

We use a _______ search for an unordered list.

We use a _______ search for an ordered list.

_______ is a process in which an algorithm calls itself.

What is a linear search?

How many checks will a linear search take to find number 6 in the list?

3, 4, 7, 6, 5, 1

FORTRAN is a(n) _______ language.

Pascal is a(n) _______ language.

Java is a(n) _______ language.

LISP is a(n) _______ language.

_______ is a common language in the business -environment.

_______ is a popular object-oriented language.

A _______ program can be either an application or an applet.

LISP and Scheme are both _______ languages.

One phase in system development is _______.

Defining the users, requirements, and methods is part of the _______ phase.

In the system development process, writing the program is part of the _______ phase.

In the system development process, structure charts are tools used in the _______ phase.

Testing a software system can involve _______ testing.

_______ is the breaking up of a large project into smaller parts.

_______ is a measure of how tightly two modules are bound to each other.

_________between modules in a software system must be minimized.

_________between modules in a software system must be maximized.

What is the waterfall model?

A data structure can be _______.

An array that consists of just rows and columns is a _______ array.

Each element in a record is called _______.

All the members of a record must be _______.

_______ is an ordered collection of data in which each element contains the location of the next element.

In a linked list, each element contains _______.

The _______ is a pointer that identifies the next element in the linked list.

Given a linked list called children, the pointer variable children identifies ________ element of the linked list.

An empty linked list consists of _______.

To traverse a list, you need a _______ pointer.

In an abstract data type, _______.

A stack is a _________ structure.

A(n) _______ list is also known as a queue.

If A is the first data element input into a stack, followed by B, C, and D, then _______ is the first element to be removed.

If A is the first data element input into a queue, followed by B, C, and D, then _______ is the first element to be removed.

The pop operation _______ of the stack.

The push operation _______ of the stack.

In a binary tree, each node has _______ two subtrees.

In preorder traversal of a binary tree, the ______.

In _______ traversal of a binary tree, the right subtree is processed last.

In postorder traversal of a binary tree, the left subtree is processed _______.

In an inorder traversal of a binary tree, the root is processed _______.

What is a full binary tree?

_______ file can be accessed randomly.

_______ file can be accessed sequentially.

When a sequential file is updated, the ______ file gets the actual update.

When a sequential file is updated, the ______ file contains a list of all errors occurring during the update process.

When a sequential file is updated, the ______ file contains the changes to be applied.

After a sequential file is updated, the _______ file contains the most current data.

If the transaction file key is 20 and the first master file key is 25, then we _______.

If the transaction file key is 20 with a delete code and the master file key is 20, then we _______.

An indexed file consists of _______.

The index of an indexed file has _______ fields.

In the _______ hashing method, selected digits are extracted from the key and used as the address.

In the _______ hashing method, the key is divided by the file size, and the address is the remainder plus 1.

In the _______ hashing method, there are no synonyms or collisions.

______ are keys that hash to the same location in the data file.

When a hashing algorithm produces an address for an insertion key and that address is already occupied, it is called a _______.

The address produced by a hashing algorithm is the _______ address.

In the ______ collision resolution method, we try to put data that cannot be placed in location 123 into location 124.

Which one of the following explains the sequential file access method?

The data structure used for file directory is called ____________

In a three-level DBMS architecture, the layer that interacts directly with the hardware is the _______ level.

In a three-level DBMS architecture, the _______ level determines where data is actually stored on the storage devices.

The _______ level of a three-level DBMS architecture defines the logical view of the data.

The data model and the schema of a DBMS are often defined at the _______ level.

In a three-level DBMS architecture, the _______ level interacts directly with the users.

Of the various database models, the _______ model is the most prevalent today.

Each column in a relation is called _______.

Each row in a relation is called _______.

A unary operator is applied to _______ relation(s) and creates an output of ________ relation(s).

A binary operator is applied to _______ relations (s) and creates an output of ________ relation(s).

The unary _______ operation always results in a relation that has exactly one more row than the original relation.

If you want to change the value of an attribute of a tuple, you use the _______ operation.

The operation that takes two relations and combines them based on common attributes is the _________ operation.

If you need to delete an attribute in a relation, you can use the _______ operation.

You want to create a relation called New that contains tuples that belong to both relation A and relation B. For this, you can use the _______ operation.

Which of the following is a unary operator?

Data is compressed using a dictionary with indexes to strings. This is __________ .

A string of one hundred 0s is replaced by two markers, a 0, and the number 100. This is ___.

___ is an example of lossy compression.

In a ___ data compression method, the received data is an exact copy of the original message.

___ data compression method, the received data need not be an exact copy of the original message.

___ encoding is a lossless data compression method.

In ___ encoding, the more frequently occurring characters have shorter codes than the less frequently occurring characters.

In ___ encoding, PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP can be replaced by P15.

LZ encoding requires ___.

JPEG encoding involves ___, a process that reveals the redundancies in a block.

In JPEG encoding, the ___ process breaks the original picture into smaller blocks and assigns a value to each pixel in a block.

The last step in JPEG, ___, removes redundancies.

___ is a lossy compression method for pictures and graphics, whereas ___ is a lossy compression method for video.

What is compression?

Which of these terms is a type of data compression?

Three security goals are _____.

Which of the following attacks is threatening integrity?

Which of the following attacks is threatening availability?

_____________ means concealing the contents of a message by enciphering.

______________means concealing the message by covering it with something else.

In __________cryptography, the same key is used by the sender and the receiver.

In _________ cryptography, the same key is used in both directions.

_________ cryptography is often used for long messages.

__________ cryptography is often used for short messages.

_________means that the sender and the receiver expect confidentiality.

___________ means that the data must arrive at the receiver exactly as they were sent.

______________ can provide authentication, integrity, and nonrepudiation for a message.

In ___________, the identity of a party is verified once for the entire duration of system access.

In __________ cryptography, everyone has access to everyone's public key.

In the asymmetric-key method used for confidentiality, which key(s) is (are) publicly known?

The _______ statement adds 1 to the variable.

The _______ statement repeats one or more actions.

The _______ statement subtracts 1 from the variable.

To clear a variable, we use the _______ statement(s).

To assign a number to a variable, we use the _______ statement(s).

To copy the value of one variable to another, we use the ____ statement(s).

A Turing machine has these components: _______.

In a Turing machine, the _______ holds a sequence of characters.

The _______ is the theoretical counterpart of the CPU.

The controller has _______ states.

A _______ is a pictorial representation of the states and their relationships to each other.

A _______ shows, among other things, the movement of the read/write head, the character read, and the character written.

We use _______ to denote a program's complexity.

The complexity of a problem is O (log10 n) and the computer executes 1 million instructions per second. How long does it take to run the program if the number of operations is 10,000?

When does the code block following while(x<100) execute?

The main foundation of thinking machines came from:

The term Artificial Intelligence (AI) was first coined by:

Two programing languages specifically designed for AI are:

A node in semantic network becomes ______.

Which of the following is not a sentence in a propositional logic:

Two quantifiers " and $ are used in:

To find the depth of an object, we use:

To find the orientation of an object, we use:

In language understanding, parsing a sentence is part of:

We use brute-force search:

In Facebook, friendship is a _______ relationship.

Communication in Facebook is a _________ relationship.

The home page in Facebook can be used __________.

To find friends in Facebook, the member can ______.

When you are in Facebook, you can ______.

In Twitter, a message can be ___________:

In Twitter, the relationship between member is based on:

In Twitter, follower-member is a ________ relationship.

In Twitter, communication between the sender and the receiver of a tweet is a

______________.

In Twitter, when a message is posted, __________

The _______ statement repeats one or more actions.