The theory that technology has a life of its own and develops independently of human control.

Single cell organisms and most prevalent form of life on Earth.

The natural matter and technics, and their configuration, that constitutes the material environment for human behavior and sometimes influences it.

A phrase used to point up the fact that since World War 11, scientific research has increasingly involved money, personnel, organization, and equipment on a large scale. Without such resources, much such activity would have been impossible.

A phrase that points up the fact that since about the mid-nineteenth century, technological activity has increasingly involved money, personnel, organization, and equipment on a large scale. Without such resources, much such activity would have been impossible.

A property of molecules or chemicals that refers to their usefulness as food because they can be metabolized (metabolism) by organism

The collective richness and variety of all forms of life.

A model of the innovation process that stresses the existence of diverse starting points for and multiple indirect pathways with feedback loops to technological innovation.

The general texture or fabric of everyday existence that confronts and affects individuals living in a particular society and is substantially influenced by scientific and technological innovations and activities.

Technology used to extend the transmission of information between individuals and groups over both distance and time. Examples include language, writing, printing, telegraph, telephone, and the Internet. The development of such technology quickens and intensifies the pace of socio-cultural change

Ones in which the rightness and wrongness of actions and policies hinge exclusively on their estimated consequences.

The social-cum-natural setting in which scientific and technological activities unfold and that affects and is affected by their processes and products.

A process in which two or more cultures exhibit increasing similarity of content or structure in some all dimensions of social life.

A society's culture viewed as a complex of interacting background factors or elements. These are often grouped into four sectors; the ideational, societal, material, and personality-behavioral subsystems.

A group's or society's total inherited and transmitted way of life, comprising its characteristics ideas, values, world views, institutions, roles, social structures, material artifacts, ways of making things , personality traits, and behavior patterns and settings. Behavior unfolding in a social unit both influences and is influenced by its culture.

The theory that invention is a cumulative, synthetic, social process involving a genetic sequence of four stages of novelty: the perception of a problem, the setting of the stage for the solving of the problem, the occurrence of a critical act of insight, and critical revision.

Ones in which the rightness and wrongness of actions and policies hinge on considerations other that their estimated consequences, e.g., on their allegedly intrinsic properties, the intentions or motives of their agents, or their being approved or disapproved by some authority.

A result of a new work situation in which a worker, partly because of technological change, is no longer called upon to exercise previously utilized skills. The term is sometimes used to claim that because of the introduction of new workplace technologies workers must, on balance, utilize fewer or lower" skills under the previous regimes.

Short for Deoxy-Ribonucleic Acid; makes up the genetic component of each cell.

A specific characteristic biological system in a location or area with a unique mix of living organisms and physical consistency such as minerals, soil and air

That professionalized branch of technological activity devoted to organizing the design, production, and operation of technics and technical systems in order to meet practical human needs.

A result of a new work situation in which a worker is called upon to develop and exercise new skills not required under the previous work regime

A systematic estimation of the possible and likely effects of a proposed technological initiative on the natural and human-built environment.

A model of the process of technically induced cultural change that stressed the disruption by a technical innovation of the prior equilibrium of society's cultural system, the fall of the system into a state of dissonant disequilibrium, and its eventual return to a new equilibrium state because of changes enabling the (possibly altered) cultural system to accommodate the (possibly revised) innovation.

The theory of evolution as initially formulated by Charles Darwin in 1859 is the central theory of biology.

Intellectual constructs, often in the form of computer programs, that indicate or direct in a definite and precise manner how some technic-related task is to be carried out.

Refers to one of the Issues regarding science and technology In which some work tend to be hazardous (such as exposure to chemicals and radiation) and there are fewer fatal accidents but there are increases in disabling diseases.