Example of cromlech

The stonehenge in England is also known in the 12th century as (blank)

what is the stonehenge, England known today as

- mound of earth & stones raised over a grave or graves of ordinary persons

- dominant tomb type

- has corridor lined with large stone slabs leading to a circular chamber with corbelled vault

- prototype of Egyptian pyramids

- One of the world's oldest city.

- A hilltop city; citizens lived in stone houses with plaster floors, surrounded by high walls and towers.

- One of the earliest Neolithic village.

- Utilized a complex architectural system built according to a preconceived plan, suggesting a structured social organization.

- Houses, built in limestone, had a circular plan, the exterior diameter of which varied from about 2 to 9 meters

- Largest and most wellpreserved Neolithic village.

- Consisted of rectangular flatroofed houses packed together into a single architectural mass

- No streets or passageways

Oldest continually inhabited city

According to the historical timeline of architecture, when did architecture take place in the near east?

this refers to Persia, Assyria, and Babylon

the origin of the word 'mesopotamia'

Part of mesopotamia where alluvial is used

thick mud or clay

vitrified bricks of different colors and used as a facing

used as a general body of the walls

- followed Babylonians in the use of glazed brick

- faced the walls internally and externally with alabaster or limestone slabs carved with low bas-reliefs and inscriptions

these tiles are world-famous for their beauty of texture and colors

- Hard, colored limestones (building of Susa and Persepolis)

- Roof-timbers (obtained from Elam)

Due to floods & heavy rains, it resulted in the conversion of its earthen into clay to produce “bricks” in

Persia used timer and coloured limestone because of rare experience of (blank)

where ziggurats is built for floods and heavy rains

dry & hot climate = open columned type temples country of sunshine, gardens and deserts

they practice polytheism

sky god

earth god

water god

Persia has a system of ethical forces, believers of good and evil, what is this system called

- sturdy, warlike, but cruel people

- conquering monarchs took thousands of prisoners

among the three were considered extraordinary because achieved highest degree of civilization (e.g. irrigation, trade, cuneiform, Law of Hammurabi)

believed in military superiority thus manifested in their buildings (more than 1 answer)

chaldean period

assyrian period

babylonian period

earliest Babylonian king mentioned in the cuneiform inscriptions who reigned B.C.4500

the most celebrated Assyrian king; erected the great palace at Khorsabad

most interesting palaces were erected at Susa and Persepolis.

Architectural Character (multiple answers)

Arcuated type of construction; Arch, vault and flat strips, buttresses with glazed tile adornment

colossal winged bulls, carved alabaster slabs, sculptured bas-reliefs