ground pine or oak bark that increases soil porosity

decayed organic matter, good fertilizer and soil conditioner

partially decomposed material mined from swamps

natural volcanic material that helps aerate the soil

a form of grafting when a bud is used instead of a scion

forcing roots to grow on the stem of the plant while it is still attached to the parent plant

breaking or softening a seed coat to allow absorption of moisture

chilling seeds to stimulate winter conditions before germination

TRUE OR FALSE. Container plants require more water in dry, hot windy weather.

TRUE OR FALSE. Container plants should be watered until the water runs through the holes in the bottom of the pot.

During what time of year are hardwood cuttings taken?

the joining of separate plant parts together to form a union and grow as one plant

pieces of stem from woody plants

heat-treated mica mineral matter that is lightweight and used to start cuttings

high carbon to nitrogen ratio can make nitrogen unavailable to plants

top portion of the plant

root or bottom portion of the graft.

TRUE OR FALSE. Another name for hardwood is herbaceous

TRUE OR FALSE. Wetting agents determine the nutrients in the soil and if soil amendments are needed.