The location of a place relative to is surroundings and connectivity to other places

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The process of developing towns and cities that is an ongoing process that does not end once a city is formed

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Involves the process of people moving, usually from cities, to residential areas on the outskirts of cities.

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The rapid expansion of the spatial extent of a city and occurs for numerous reasons: growth of suburbs, lower land costs in suburbs, lower density single family housing, weak planning laws, and the continuing growth of car culture

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A demographic and social process when people move from urban areas to rural areas

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Nodes of economic activity that developed in the periphery of large cities

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The prosperous residential districts beyond the suburbs

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aka boomburgs, rapidly growing communities that have a total population of over 100,000 people, and are not the largest city in the metro area

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Cities that have a population of more than 10 million people

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Also called hypercities, have a population over 20 million people and attributes of a network of urban areas grown together.

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Describes a chain of connected cities

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Cities that exert influence far beyond their natural boundaries such as Tokyo and Paris.

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Ranking based on influence or population size

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Describes one way in which the sizes of cities within a region may develop. States that the n^th largest city will be 1/n the size of the largest city

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The name for a city if it is the largest city in the urban system and is twice as large as the next largest city

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States that larger and closer places will have more interactions than places that are smaller and farther from each other

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Defines a central place as a location where people go to recieve goods and services. It explains the distribution of cities of different sizes across a region

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The commercial heart of a city

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Describes a city as a series of rings that surrounds a CBD. The first ring is a transition zone mixing industrial uses with low-cost housing while the next three rings are residential.

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Describes how different types of land use and housing were all located near the CBD early in a city's history. Each grew outward as the city expanded, creating wedges, or sectors of land use.

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Model suggesting that functional zonation occurred around multiple nodes or centers. The nodes either attracted or repelled certain types of activities

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A model showing that an original CBD became surrounded by a system of smaller nodes that mimicked its function. As suburbs grew, they took on some CBD functions

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Used to describe Latin American cities, It places a two-part CBD at the center of the city, a traditional market center adjacent to a modern high-rise center

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Describes the land use of many large cities in southeast Asia where the focus of the modern city is often a former colonial port zone.

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Model that consists of the traditional CBD(before European colonization), a colonial CBD, the informal economy zone, and a zone of mining/manufcaturing

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The outer ring of the city that shows poverty, lack of infrastructure, and areas of poorly built housing

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The process of increasing the residential density of an area by replacing of an area by replacing open space and vacant housing with residences.

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A process of promoting growth and controlling change in land use

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When houses pass from one social group to another

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The facilities and systems that serve the population

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Refers to a local entity that is all under the same jurisdiction

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Development that combines residential, commercial, cultural, or institutional functions into a building, neighborhood, etc

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Refers to how safe, convenient, and efficient it is to walk in an urban environment.

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Locates mixed-use residential and business communities near mass transit stops, resulting in a series of more compact communities which decreases the need for automobiles

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Focuses on city planning and transportation systems of an urban region that suggest spatial arrangements that focus on encouraging a mix of building types and uses with a variety of housing and transportation options available within communities

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Includes mixed land use, walkability, transportation-oriented development, and smart-growth policies

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Smart-growth policies such as greenbelts

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Areas of undeveloped land around an urban area, created to limit a city's growth and preserve farmland

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A set of strategies to put smart growth into action within communities. Some strategies include creating human-scale neighborhoods, reclaiming neglected spaces, giving access to multiple modes of transportation, increasing affordable housing, and creating mixed-use neighborhoods.

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Cities that adopt policies to slow the outward spread of urban areas and place limits on building permits in order to encourage a denser, more compact city.

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Segregation resulting from residential settlement rather than from prejudicial laws

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Information that can be counted, measured, or sequenced by numeric value

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Data based primarily on surveys, field studies, photos, video, and interview from people who provide personal perceptions and meaningful descriptions

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Information specifically about people, such as race, gender, and age

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The illegal practice of denying an individual or group the right to buy a house because of their race, religion, ethnicity, etc

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The process by which banks refuse loans to those who want to purchase and improve properties in certain urban areas

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When people of an ethnic group sold their homes upon learning that members of another ethnic group were moving into their neighborhood.

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Housing units that are affordable by that section of society

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Aka environmental racism, the disproportionate exposure of minorities and the poor to pollution and its impacts, plus the unequal protection of their rights under the law.

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Areas not connected to city services and under the control of criminals. Usually in physically unsafe locations

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Areas of a city that have been deserted by their owners for either economic or environmental reasons

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Densely populated areas built without coordinated planning and without sufficient public services for electricity, water, and sewage

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The legal protection of contracts to show ownership of the land or structures

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Practices that offer incentives for developers to set aside a percentage of housing for low-income renters or buyers

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Policy that allowed governments to clear out the blighted inner-city slums, which usually displaced the residents to low-income government housing complexes, and build new development projects

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The process of converting a n urban inner-city neighborhood from a mostly low-income, renter-occupied area to a predominately wealthier, owner-occupied area of a city.

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The ability of a city or urban area to meet the needs of the present without stopping future generations from doing the same.

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The impact of human activity on the environment

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The rapid spread of development outward from the inner city

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Streets lined with tall buildings that can channel and intensify wind and prevent natural sunlight from reaching the ground

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An area of a city warmer than surrounding areas

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A place consisting of dilapidated buildings and polluted or contaminated soils

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Involves renovating a site within a city by removing existing landscape and rebuilding from the ground

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