a fetus is considered nonviable before _____ weeks gestation

the normal number of bronchi are formed during weeks _______ with a dramatic increase in air spaces and vascular structures

flattening of the epithelial cells lining the airspaces, necessary for gas exchange after births happens after ___ wk

lateral margins of the thoracic cavity

upper margins of the thoracic cavity

lower margins of the thoracic cavity

the thoracic circumference and abdominal circumference ratio should be _______

significant narrow diameter of the chest in a fetus

T/F: apex of heart points to spleen and base lies vertical to the diaphragm

the mature fetus will spend ____ of its time breathing in utero

fetal breathing is observed as a seesaw movement in either abdomen or chest for at least ____ seconds

fetal breathing movement is considered absent if not movement is observed in a _____ minute period

the normal cardiac axis is ______ degrees, averaging at _____ degrees

which lungs volume is slight greater than the other

T/F: lungs mature properly even if oligohydramnios is present

pulmonary hypoplasia results in a decreased organ _____ and ______

causes for pulmonary hypoplasia can be attributed to

if the thoracic circumference is below the ___ percentile, suggests possibility of pulmonary hypoplasia

abnormal budding of the foregut and lack of communication between the trachea and the bronchial tree

the most common cause for pleural effusion is _________ ; right-sided, unilateral secondary to malformation of the thoracic duct

pleural effusion is also associated with

dilation of a lymph node

pleural effusion is rarely encounter before ____ weeks, except with trisomy 21 and Turner's syndrome

solid tumors of the thoracic cavity will appear

the supernumerary lobe of the lung separate from the normal tracheobronchial tree

T/F: the extra lung tissue seen with pulmonary sequestration is nonfunctioning

pulmonary sequestration resembles

majority of pulmonary sequestration occurs on the ____ side

intralobar pulmonary sequestration has a _______ appearance while extra lobar has a ______ appearance

intralobar pulmonary sequestration is more favorable as extra lobar is associated with

multi cystic mass within the lung consisting of primitive lung tissue, abnormal bronchial and bronchiolar like structures

T/F: congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation is mostly unilateral without a favorite lung

w/ CCAM type 1, one or more large cysts replace normal lung tissue (>2cm and up to 10 cm)

w/ CCAM type 2, multiple small cysts (less than 1cm) , assoc. with fetal and chromosomal abnormalities in 25% of cases

w/ CCMA type 3, bulky, large, non cystic lesions appearing as echodense masses of entire lung lobe

T/F: type 1 CCMA has a poor prognosis while Type 2 and 3 have more favorable outcomes

rare pulmonary anomaly that results from focal obliteration of segment of bronchial lumen

congenital bronchial atresia most commonly occurs on the _____ and appears as an echogenic pulmonary mass

lobar overinflation of the lung without destruction of the alveolar septa

congenital lobar emphysema appears as a large solid mass and is located at the ________ or middle lobe

uncommon finding in utero, enlarged bilateral distended echogenic fetal lungs due to fluid distention of tiny airspaces within the lung tissue

the diaphragm is formed during the ______ weeks of gestation by fusion of 4 structures

the normal diaphragm is intact by ___ weeks gestation

CDH most commonly occurs

hernias are uasually found on the _____ side with the heart being shifted to the _______

posterior, lateral CDH

anterior, medial CDH

T/F: hydrops not usually present with left CDH unless associated malformations are present

intrathoracic ______, occurs in 2/3 of cases and has a poorer outcome with left sided CDH

with ____ sided CDH, the liver is seen in the chest with the heart deviated far _____

CDH is associated with