antigens/ markers that are normally found in fetus but usually decrease concentration after birth

* Localized primary tissues

* Enclosed in a epithelial tissue

* invasion of primary tumor through epithelium and into the blood vessels

* most of tumor/cancer cells travel through the lymphatic system

* migration of tumor into regional lymph nodes; will eventually travel through the lymphatic system

* metastasis and invasion of tumor to distant tissues

* Oncofetal antigen

* Often associated with Colorectal Cancer

* May serve as marker for pancreatic, lung, breast and ovarian cancer

* Oncofetal protein (peaks at 20-30 weeks of pregnancy)

* Hepatocellular Carcinoma

* May also be a marker for teratoblastoma, testicular and ovarian cancer

* marker for PROSTATIC CARCINOMA

* higher sensitivity in diagnosis

* better of tested together with PAP (prostatic acid phosphatase)

*AKA Carbohydrate antigens

* Adenocarcinoma of the Ovary or fallopian tube

* Not a definitive marker for cancer; only for monitoring

* Also present in lungs and GIT

* Monoclonal antibodies 115D8 and DF3

* Associated with Breast Cancer

* May also be elevated in lung cancer

* Markers for Multiple Myeloma

* Precipitates at 60°C and dissolves at 100°C

* A mucin glycoprotein which is identical to Lewis's blood group antigen

* Associated with Pancreatic cancer

* CEA is more efficient marker in detection of pancreatic carcinoma

* Not really a marker of cancer but are elevated after chemotherapy due to lysis of cells -> lyse of nucleus which contains nucleic acid -> uric acid formation

* Marker for liver cancer or any liver-related

* Cancer of biliary tree

* Aside from liver cirrhosis, this may also serve as a marker for liver cancer

* ELevates together with 19- 9 And CEA n pancreatic cancer

*Widely distributed; expet that if there are cancers in some organs, CK and LD will also be elevated depending on the organ of origin of tumor

o Can be associated with coriocarcinoma or uterine cancer, testicular cancer and even any benign masses (Hyaditiform mole)

o INCREASED production Hematopoietin which may result to polycythemia

o Calcitonin

o Thyroglobulin

o May result to Water and electrolyte imbalance

o Small cell carcinoma of the lungs (ectopic tumor in lungs)

leukemia and lymphoma

neuroblastoma

lymphoma

osteosarcoma

lung cancer