The author's main reason for writing, which could be to persuade, inform, entertain, or express thoughts and feelings.

The perspective of the narrator

Includes the author's personal opinions or feelings.

Gives only factual information and does not include opinions

The author's attitude toward a certain topic.

To express the most important facts or ideas about something or someone in a short and clear form

The message or moral of the story that the author is trying to teach.

Compares two unlike things without using like or as.

Gives human qualities to an animal, object, or idea.