A conspicuous position that provides an opportunity to speak out and be listened to.

A public office or position of authority that provides its occupant with an outstanding opportunity to speak out on any issue.

(a)  

Powers held by a sovereign state.

States have three inherent powers: the power of taxation, police power, and the power of eminent domain.

(a)  

An Act To provide for the performance of the duties of the office of President in case of the removal, resignation, death, or inability both of the President and Vice President. Enacted by. the 80th United States Congress.

(a)  

A major political scandal in the United States involving the administration of President Richard Nixon from 1972 to 1974 that led to Nixon's resignation

(a)  

Amendment that clarifies that the vice president becomes president if the president dies, resigns, or is removed from office, and establishes how a vacancy in the office of the vice president can be filled.

(a)  

An appointment by the president of a federal official when the U.S. Senate is in recess

(a)  

The President can exercise no power which cannot be fairly and reasonably traced to some specific grant of power or justly implied and included within such express grant as proper and necessary to its exercise.

(a)  

The President had the right to use any and all powers unless they were specifically denied to him.

(a)  

What Supreme Court case upheld the limits of executive privilege?

(a)  

A written pronouncement issued by the President of the United States upon the signing of a bill into law.

(a)  

An agreement between the heads of government of two or more nations that has not been ratified by the legislature as treaties are ratified

(a)  

A directive by the president of the United States that manages operations of the federal government

(a)  

Consists of the immediate staff to the President.

Responsibility for tasks ranging from communicating the President's message to the American people to promoting our trade interests abroad.

(a)  

Where is veto power described in the Constitution?

(a)  

What is the formal body of 14 executive departments’ advisors called?

(a)  

The right of the president of the United States and other members of the executive branch to maintain confidential communications under certain circumstances

(a)  

How many times can a president be elected?

(a)  

How long is the President's term?

(a)  

The President is in charge of the military of the United States and the state militias (National Guard)

(a)  

Which Clause in the Constitution has been interpreted to give the president more powers than the founders originally intended?

(a)  

A candidate must receive 270 of the 538 votes to become President or Vice President. If a candidate for President fails to receive 270 votes, the House itself will choose the President from among the three individuals who received the most electoral votes.

(a)  

Be a natural-born citizen of the United States.

Be at least 35 years old.

Have been a resident of the United States for 14 years.

(a)  

Where is the presidency outlined in the Constitution?

(a)  

Who is the current President of the United States?

(a)  

A long-standing, unwritten, unofficial, and nonbinding constitutional convention in the U.S. describing the tendency of U.S. senators to support a Senate colleague opposing the appointment to federal office of a nominee from that Senator's state

(a)  

A procedure for ending a debate and taking a vote. (in a legislative assembly)

(a)  

The current holder of an office or position, usually in relation to an election

(a)  

The process of dividing seats for the House among the 50 states following the decennial census?

(a)  

Where is congress outlined in the constitution?

(a)  

 Established in 1921

 audits executive agency expenditures

(a)  

Congress nullify proposed regulations by a federal agency within 60 days by passing joint resolution of disapproval

(a)  

 1973

 Limits deployment of troops overseas to a 60 day period unless Congress acts

(a)  

 Ensures bureaucrats are enforcing and interpreting laws as intended by Congress

 Standing committees oversight over executive branch

 Can require bureaucrats/agency directors to appear in congressional hearings

(a)  

 consideration of controversial issues affecting the budget

 Limits debate to 20 hours

 No filibuster allowed

(a)  

Amendment that limits the number of times a person is eligible for election to the office of President of the United States to two, and sets additional eligibility conditions for presidents who succeed to the unexpired terms of their predecessors

(a)  

 Plan for congressional action on annual budget resolution, appropriations, and reconciliation

 Created Congressional Budget Office

 complete initial action on budget resolution by April 15th of preceding fiscal year.

 Budget resolution approved by October 1 or federal government shuts down.

(a)  

 Signed by President Warren G. Harding

 president must submit budget to Congress

 President must include prior year’s spending, projections, and proposals for next year

 Created the Bureau of Budget (Office of Management & Budget) to assist president

(a)  

1/3 Basic phases of Lawmaking Process: Presidential Action

 Article 1, Section 7

 “presentment clause”

 president signs – bill becomes law

 president vetoes bill – bill dies unless:

 2/3 of House and Senate vote to override veto

(a)  

Bill becomes law if president does not sign and Congress does NOT adjourn within 10 days

(a)  

President does not sign bill and Congress adjourns within 10 days

(a)  

1/3 Basic phases of Lawmaking Process:

 Conference comm. irons out differences.

 No agreement – bill dies

 If compromise, bill sent back to House and Senate for final vote.

 If bill passes in both House and Senate, sent to president for action

(a)  

 Parliamentary procedure -eliminate use of the Filibuster.

 Majority vote needed to change Senate rules, including Filibuster.

(a)  

halt Senate action on a bill by means of long speeches or unlimited debate. Stopped with Cloture vote – 60 votes needed

(a)  

member may have objections to the bill (or nomination)

(a)  

1/3 Basic phases of Lawmaking Process:

may form Committee of the Whole for debate.

 Allows House to deliberate with a lower quorum (100) and expedite consideration

 Members may offer amendments.

 Full House ultimately votes on final passage.

 If bill passes full House then bill goes to Senate

(a)  

1/3 Basic phases of Lawmaking Process:

 bill is referred to a committee

 parliamentarian determines which committee gets bill

 Bills may be referred to multiple committees in the House

 “multiple referral”

 If Committee chair takes no action, bill dies

 “pigeon-holed”

(a)  

All bills that deal with taxes must start where?

(a)  

How many vetoes have been overridden by Congress?

(a)  

How many vetoes in American History?

(a)  

What are the salaries for Majority/Minority leaders?

(a)  

What is the salary for Speaker of the House?

(a)  

What is the salary for HoR and Senators?

(a)  

Who is the current President pro tempore?

(a)  

Who is the current Senate Minority Leader?

(a)  

Who is the current Senate Majority Leader?

(a)  

Who is the current House Minority Whip?

(a)  

Who is the current House Minority Leader?

(a)  

Who is the current House Majority Whip?

(a)  

Who is the current House Majority Leader?

(a)  

Who is the current Speaker of the House?

(a)  

What number Congress is the current Congress?

(a)  

 Vote trading

“I’ll vote for your bill, if you vote for mine.”

(a)  

longest continuous service to a committee

(a)  

Majority of House votes to bring bill to the floor when committee inaction

(a)  

 Temporary, appointed for specific purpose

 September 11th Terror Attacks, Benghazi attack

(a)  

 joint committee

 reconciles differences House and Senate versions

(a)  

 Standing committee

 Representatives and Senators

 investigations or special studies

(a)  

 proposed bills are referred here

 exists Congress to Congress

 Gathers information to formulate bills - hearings

(a)  

16 standing committees and 70 subcommittees

(a)  

20 standing committees and 90 subcommittees

(a)  

How many members, on average, in a committee?

(a)  

 Official chair of the Senate

 Usually most senior member of the majority party

(a)  

 Takes vote counts on bills

 Prepares summary of bills

 communications link within each party

(a)  

Head of the party with second highest number of elected representatives

(a)  

 Head of the party controlling the most seats in the House or Senate

 Second in authority to the Speaker of the House

 Most powerful member of the Senate

(a)  

 Chamber’s most powerful position

 Traditionally member of majority party

(a)  

Formal gathering of all party members

(a)  

 Democrats minority in House

 Republicans minority in Senate

(a)  

 have a majority on all committees in House and Senate

 All committee chairpersons are members of majority party

 Republicans majority in House

 Democrats majority in Senate

(a)  

 Favors completed for constituents

 Social security check?

 Rep. Kanjorski help with data

 Most important job

(a)  

1 of 3 main behaviors to get re-elected (David Mayhew)

 develop “brand loyalty”

 Send a Newsletter before election

 Franking Privilege – free mail

(a)  

1 of 3 main behaviors to get re-elected (David Mayhew)

 Take credit for particularized benefits

(a)  

1 of 3 main behaviors to get re-elected (David Mayhew)

 Take position cannot disagree with

 “I will fight for our children’s future”

(a)  

Acts as a trustee or delegate, depending on the issue

(a)  

Follows constituents regardless of personal opinions.

(a)  

 use their own best judgment

 Edmund Burke (1729-1787)

 Conservative 18th century British philosopher

(a)  

What kind of relationship did Madison believe in between Congress and the people?

(a)  

 Dutch word – meaning “pirate.”

 Filibuster not in the Constitution

 attempt to block or delay Senate action on a bill or any other matter by debating it at length, offering numerous procedural motions, or other delaying or obstructive actions

 Senate created Cloture rule in 1917 to end debate on Senate floor

 Senate Rule #22 in 1917

 Cloture – vote to end filibuster – 60 votes needed to invoke

(a)  

Who is the president of the Senate?

(a)  

 Confirm presidential appointments by majority vote

 Cabinet members

 Federal judges

 Supreme Court Justices

 Ratify treaties (2/3 vote needed)

 Jury for Impeachment Trials (2/3 vote needed to convict)

 International issues

 “upper house”

 Less centralized, unlimited debate

(a)  

How long are terms in the senate?

(a)  

 at least 30 years old

 U.S. resident for 9 years

 Senators originally selected by state legislatures

 17th Amendment ratified in 1913

 Movement to repeal 17th Amendment

 100 Senators (2 per state)

(a)  

 All Taxing Bills must start here

 Initiates impeachment process (majority vote)

 “lower house”, less prestigious

 local issues

 Strict limits on debate

(a)  

Draw congressional districts to produce a particular electoral outcome without regard to the shape of the district.

(a)  

 Redraw congressional districts to reflect increases or decreases in population or population shifts.

 districts drawn every 10 years by STATE legislatures

 Party in power in state legislature controls process

(a)  

 Award congressional seats according to proportion of the population

 Follows census (every 10 years)

(a)  

When were members of the HoR capped?

(a)  

How many people per member of the House?

(a)  

How long is a term in the HoR?

(a)  

 435 Representatives (1 per 710,000 people)

 25 years old

 U.S. resident for at least 7 years

 Must inhabit state which they represent

 Every state must have at least 1

(a)  

prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in several areas, including employment, transportation, public accommodations, communications and access to state and local government' programs and services

(a)  

stated that a “grave injustice” had been done to Japanese American citizens and resident aliens during World War II

(a)  

legal case in which the U.S. Supreme Court, on December 18, 1944, upheld (6–3) the conviction of Fred Korematsu—a son of Japanese immigrants who was born in Oakland, California—for having violated an exclusion order requiring him to submit to forced relocation during World War II

(a)  

holds governments accountable; fights to protect Native American rights, resources, and lifeways through litigation, legal advocacy, and legal expertise.

(a)  

the law authorized the President to break up reservation land, which was held in common by the members of a tribe, into small allotments to be parceled out to individuals

(a)  

established a government for the Northwest Territory, outlined the process for admitting a new state to the Union, and guaranteed that newly created states would be equal to the original thirteen states.

(a)  

Bars educational institutions that receive federal funds

from discriminating against female students

(a)  

Amended Civil Rights Act of 1964 to allow 180 days from

paycheck to allow lawsuit

(a)  

Requires equal pay for equal work

(a)  

What case ruled that abortion was not protected by Federal Law? (2022)

(a)  

Equality of Rights under the law shall not be

denied or abridged by the United States or any

other state on the account of sex”

Proposed by Congress in 1972

Died on June 30, 1982

(a)  

Guaranteed Women Right to Vote (1920)

(a)  

Who wrote The Feminine Mystique?

(a)  

 Federal law outlawed segregation in public facilities

 Outlawed discrimination in employment, education, and voting

 Created Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)

(a)  

 1890

 Sought the right to vote

 If uneducated blacks could vote, why not women?

 Began Suffrage Movement

 Suffrage = Right to Vote

(a)  

Segregation of races “just happens”

(a)  

Legally enforced separation of races

(a)  

 National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

 formed in 1909 in response to practice of lynchings that occurred in Springfield Illinois in 1908

 adopted a legal strategy to fight segregation

(a)  

Former slave born in early 1800s who became a leading abolitionist, writer, and suffragist.

(a)  

Born a slave in Maryland in 1820s

 Escaped to freedom and became conductor in underground railroad

 Led more than 70 slaves to freedom

 Championed women’s suffrage

(a)  

Supporter, especially in the 19th century, of ending the institution of slavery

(a)  

 How to implement Brown ruling

 “all deliberate speed”

(1955)

(a)  

 School segregation is Unconstitutional by 14thAmendment

 Court overturns Plessy v. Ferguson

 After ruling, still resistance

(1954)

(a)  

Homer Plessy challenged Louisiana law requiring railroads to have separate facilities for blacks and whites

 “Separate but Equal” does not violate equal protection clause of 14th Amendment

(1896)

(a)  

 Passed to enforce the 14th Amendment

 Granted equal access to public accommodations and public transportation to African Americans

(a)  

 Cases brought to Supreme Court under Civil Rights Act of 1875

 In 8-1 decision, Supreme Court ruled that Congress may only mandate that states provide equal protection, not private conduct by individuals and businesses.

(1883)

(a)  

Voter qualification provision in many southern states that allowed only those citizens whose grandfathers had voted before Reconstruction to vote unless they passed a wealth/literacy test

(a)  

Tax levied in many southern states and localities that had to be paid before an eligible voter could cast a ballot.

(a)  

Laws enacted by Southern states that required segregation in public schools, theaters, hotels, public accommodations

(a)  

Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by Southern states following Civil War

(a)  

What was the 15th amendment?

(a)  

What did the 14th amendment do?

(a)  

What did the 13th amendment do?

(a)  

prohibits federal regulation of slave trade until 1808

(a)  

Section of the 14th amendment that guarantees that all citizens receive “equal protection of the laws.”

(a)  

Government-protected rights of individuals against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by governments or individuals

(a)  

 Right to homosexual intimacy

 Overturned Bowers v. Hardwick (1986)

(2003)

(a)  

 Supreme Court ruling that struck down state law provisions in Texas as presenting an undue burden on women seeking abortions

 Invalidated numerous state and local laws that imposed similar limitations on clinics.

(2016)

(a)  

 The right to be left alone

 Judicially created principle encompassing a variety of individual actions protected by several amendments, including the 1st, 3rd, 4th,and 9th amendments

 Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)

 SC overturned Connecticut law prohibiting dissemination of Information about and/or sale of contraceptives

 Right to privacy created by “penumbra” or judicially created right

 Roe v. Wade (1973) - Woman’s right to an abortion protected by the (a)  

Excessive Bail shall not be required nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted.

(a)  

 Sets out basic requirements of procedural due process for federal courts to follow in criminal trials

 Includes speedy and public trials, impartial juries, trials in the state where the crime was committed, notice of the charges

 Includes Right to confront and obtain favorable witnesses, and right to counsel

 Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

 The state must provide an attorney to indigent (poor)defendants in felony cases

 Gideon was acquitted when retried with a lawyer to argue his case

(a)  

 Imposes number of restrictions on federal government with respect to the rights of persons suspected of committing a crime.

 Provides for indictment by a grand jury and protection from self incrimination

 Prevents the national government from denying a person life, liberty, or property without just compensation

 Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

(a)  

 Protects people from unreasonable searches and seizures of their persons, houses, papers, and effects without a warrant from a judge

 Mapp v. Ohio (1961) – Exclusionary Rule established

(a)  

Second Amendment applies to state and local governments as well (incorporation)

(2010)

(a)  

Second Amendment protects individual’s right to own a firearm (2008)

(a)  

 Unsolicited obscene materials sent through mail

 Defines when local governments may regulate obscenity

 P.A.L.S. - Whether the work, taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value”

(1973)

(a)  

Determines when sexually explicit expression is obscene and beyond First Amendment protection

(a)  

What types of speech are unprotected by the first amendment?

(a)  

 Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire

 Words that “by their very utterance inflict injury or tend to incite an immediate breach of the peace.

 Not subject to protection of First Amendment

(a)  

Untrue spoken statements that defame a person’s character

(a)  

False written statement that defames a person’s character

(a)  

 Communication that belittles a person or group on the basis of race, gender, ethnicity, or other characteristics

 RAV v. City of St. Paul (1992)

(a)  

 Symbols, signs and other methods of expression, generally considered to be protected by the First Amendment

 Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969)

 Students wore black armbands to protest Vietnam War

(a)  

 First test to draw line between protected and unprotected speech

 Schenck v. United States (1919)

 Enforcement of Espionage Act of 1917 that prohibited urging resistance to the draft or distributing anti-war leaflets

(a)  

 Laws passed in 1798 that allowed the imprisonment and deportation of aliens considered dangerous

 Criminalized false statements against the government

(a)  

 Pentagon Papers Case

 First Amendment

 Government cannot practice prior restraint

(1971)

(a)  

 Constitutional doctrine that prevents the government from prohibiting speech or publication before the fact.

 Generally held to be unconstitutional

(a)  

What justice was the majority decision in Everson v. Board of Education?

(a)  

What case made the Wall of Separation Argument into a law? (1947)

(a)  

 Does NOT appear in any historical U.S. document

 Letter from President Jefferson to Danbury Baptist Association

 Original meaning was to insulate religion from government influence . . .

(a)  

 3-part test created by the Supreme Court for examining the constitutionality of religious establishment issues

 Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971)

 Determines if government establishes religion

(a)  

Second clause of the First Amendment. It prohibits the US Government from interfering with a citizen’s right to practice his or her religion.

(a)  

First clause of the First Amendment. It directs the national government not to sanction an official religion

(a)  

Part of Bill of Rights that imposes a number of restrictions on federal government with respect to civil liberties, including freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition

(a)  

 First Supreme Court case to extend First Amendment protections of freedom of speech and press to state governments

 First time the incorporation doctrine applied

Copyright © 2018, 2016, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

(1925)

(a)  

Judicial doctrine whereby most, but not all, protections found in the Bill of Rights are made applicable to the states through the 14thAmendment

(a)  

Those rights defined by the Court as essential to order, liberty, and Justice and therefore entitled to the highest standard of review

(a)  

What court case reaffirmed the ruling in Barron v. Baltimore? (1873)

(a)  

 Amendment passed in 1868

 Made former slaves citizens

(a)  

 case sued under 5th Amendment for $5,000 (1833)

 “ . . .Nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation”

 Bill of Rights only applies to Federal government

 State constitutions provide own protections

(a)  

A judicial doctrine whereby most, but not all, protections found in the Bill of Rights are made applicable to the states via the due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment

(a)  

Bill of Rights: – rights reserved to people

(a)  

Bill of Rights: – bails, fines, cruel & Unusual punishment

(a)  

Bill of Rights: – trial by jury in Civil cases

(a)  

Bill of Rights: – speedy trial, confront witnesses

(a)  

Bill of Rights: rights of those accused of crimes

(a)  

Bill of Rights: search and seizure

(a)  

Bill of Rights: quartering soldiers

(a)  

Bill of Rights: Keep and Bear Arms

(a)  

Bill of Rights: Speech, assembly, religion, press

(a)  

When was the Bill of Rights ratified?

(a)  

What did Article 3, Section 2 already say in the Constitution before the Bill of Rights?

(a)  

What was no Bill of Attainder?

(a)  

What was no Ex Post Facto Laws?

(a)  

What did Article 1, Section 9 already say in the Constitution before the Bill of Rights?

(Writ of Habeas Corpus)

(a)  

First 10 Amendments to U.S. Constitution

(a)  

What did Article 1, Section 3 already say in the Constitution before the Bill of Rights?

(a)  

Who defended constitution without Bill of Rights in Federalist#84?

(a)  

Which group believe the Bill of Rights was not necessary?

(a)  

Which group insisted on a Bill of rights?

(a)