The author shows the reader about a character's personality

Uncle Jon smells bad and wears old clothes.

Does this sentence use direct or indirect characterization?

Connor is a dishonest boy, with a loud mouth and an obnoxious manner.

Does this sentence use direct or indirect characterization?

Sally is shy.

Does this sentence use direct or indirect characterization?

Kevin texted back his friends, “ Yeah, I will be right over to the field as soon as I finish my algebra problems.”

Does this sentence use direct or indirect characterization?

Dylan was bored.

Does this sentence use direct or indirect characterization?

Whenever Martha is around a lot of people, she gets very quiet and finds it hard to start conversation.

Does this sentence use direct or indirect characterization?

Whenever anyone tries to speak to Maddie, she says, "You don't know me," rolls her eyes, and walks away.

Does this sentence use direct or indirect characterization?

Susan is very creative.

Does this sentence use direct or indirect characterization?

Mackenzie always draws right after school. She showed her latest artwork to her art teacher the next day, and her teacher submitted it to an art competition. Mackenzie’s work won 2nd place!

Does this sentence use direct or indirect characterization?

Davon is adventurous

Does this sentence use direct or indirect characterization?

The "E" in STEAL is for the character's...

He was tall, dark haired, and handsome.

Does this sentence use direct or indirect characterization?

Pete was a little strange - into sci-fi and comic books, but he was mature for his age and knowledgeable about many things.

Does this sentence use direct or indirect characterization?

Mary looked away and shifted her feet when her father asked where the money went.

Does this sentence use direct or indirect characterization?

Which POV uses "I, me, and my" to tell a story?

Which POV uses "you" and "your" to tell a story?

Which POV uses "he, she, and them" to tell a story?

In 3rd person objective, you get to know the thoughts and feelings of...

In 3rd person limited, you get to know the thoughts and feelings of...

In 3rd person omniscient, you get to know the thoughts and feelings of...

Point of view is defined as the perspective or vantage point from which a story is being told.

I ran up a steep hill. I was very hot and exhausted. It was a long race, but I was in the lead. I knew if I could keep my pace I would be able to win the race. 

How can you know that something is written in first person point of view?

"A pain stabs my left temple and I press my hand against it. Right on the spot where Johanna Mason hit me with the coil of wire. The memories swirl as I try to sort out what is true and what is false" (Collins).

"Jonas went to his own desk and began to sort through his school papers from the evening's assignment. But his mind was still on December and the coming Ceremony. Though he had been reassured by the talk with his parents, he hadn't the slightest idea what Assignment the Elders would be selecting for his future..." (Lowry).

"We've got Father and Mother and one another," said Beth. Beth was the shy one. She always looked on the bright side of things. "We haven't got father," said Jo sadly... The girls were suddenly silent. Light from the fire shone on their faces. They were thinking of Father. (Alcott).

"People call me the Freeway Gorilla. The Ape at Exit 8. The One and Only Ivan, Mighty Silverback. The names are mine, but they're not me. I am Ivan, just Ivan, only Ivan" (Applegate).

A narrator can see and describe every characters' thoughts.

I didn't like creeping down the dark alley.

Third person limited is when the author reveals the thoughts and feelings of...

A type of narrative perspective in which the author uses pronouns like ''your" and "you."

You know you have to get to class on time, but you decide to stop off at the vending machine for some Hot Cheetos. You can’t help it! You love Hot Cheetos but now you have a detention for being late to class.

Carman hit the garage door button. There was no response. This frustrated Carman, who hit the button several more times in a fit of rage. Still, there was no response. Kathy said, "Let me try, Carman." Kathy believed that Carman was a clumsy oaf and that he was hitting the button incorrectly. She tested her suspicions by hitting the button gently. The opener whirred and pulled up the garage door. Carman felt embarrassed. Kathy was happy that they would be able to leave the garage now.

The parade marched down the street. It was led by a caped drummer. He set a stately pace and tapped the accompanying rhythm. A marching band followed behind him, matching his pace. Behind the band were floats of all sizes and designs. Children and adults were riding on the floats, tossing out penny candies, streamers, and plastic prizes. The street was lined with people. The noises of revelry filled the streets.

The dew on the grass made my running shoes damp. It didn't bother me. The sound of my feet hitting the street formed a rhythm, a steady pattern of light thumps. I timed my breathing with the rhythm. These sounds filled my head. I thought of nothing other than the next step and keeping my tempo. I soared over the sidewalks like concrete clouds.

Red looked across the prairie. He didn't see anything concerning. He wondered why Texas Joe had hollered like that. Texas Joe turned to him. The ghost that Texas Joe had just seen was gone. Texas Joe swatted at the air. Now he felt crazy. "You have to believe me, Red. It was just here," said Texas Joe. Red scowled at him in disbelief. "What was just here, Joe?" he asked. Red was angry with Texas Joe for disturbing his sleep for no apparent reason.

If you are confused about something in class, don't wait. Raise your hand and ask for help immediately. Do it while your teacher is still explaining the material. Your teacher will probably be happy that you are taking an active part in your education and should attempt to explain the material in a different way. If you are still confused, ask your teacher if he or she is available after class to give you additional instruction. You are worth it. Don't give up on yourself.

April opened the escape hatch. She was afraid to jump, but she realized that the airship was sinking. She looked at Vince, who was strapping on his parachute. Vince locked eyes with her and then he realized the error in his conduct. "I'm sorry, April. That was ungentlemanly of me. Let me help you with yours." He proceeded to attach the other parachute to April's back. This made him feel a little better.

As you buckle your seat belt, safety instructions are broadcast over the in-flight system. A stewardess models the actions in sync with the broadcast. You turn to your right. An extremely rotund man is snoring. He looks like he is about to fall onto your shoulder. You look to your left. You see a man with a Mohawk is listening to loud punk music. You can hear it as though you were the one wearing headphones. You sigh and pull up your tray table as instructed.

A bus drove by Kiko as she sat on the park bench. A woman pushed a double stroller with a set of twins down the sidewalk. Several pigeons approached Kiko. "Go away, flying rats. I do not have any food for you," Kiko shouted at the birds. They squawked and flew off. Kiko crossed her legs and took a deep breath. She picked up the newspaper, flipped through a few pages, and put it back down. Then her phone rang.

The stars were burning brightly in the night sky. The evening breeze felt cool on my skin. It was the last night of summer break and I was calm, oddly calm. It's not that I was excited to go back to school. I wasn't. School is a lot of work for me. But I was excited to see my friends again, and I knew that she would be there.

Which POV uses "I, me, and my" to tell a story?

Which POV uses "you" and "your" to tell a story?

Which POV uses "he, she, and them" to tell a story? Check all that apply.

In 3rd person objective, you get to know the thoughts and feelings of...

In 3rd person limited, you get to know the thoughts and feelings of...

You know you have to get to class on time, but you decide to stop off at the vending machine for some Hot Cheetos. You can’t help it! You love Hot Cheetos but now you have a detention for being late to class.

What is a NARRATOR?

Which narrator point of view is this an example of?

"She started to write about what she was feeling. The words poured out of her like a river."

Which narrator point of view is this an example of?

"I grabbed my books and stormed away. I couldn't believe she said that to me!"

The sound of traffic filled the street. I pressed the doorbell again. I wondered if the button worked. Could the person inside hear the sound of the buzzer over the traffic noises? Were they even home? I decided that it didn't matter. I checked the address off my list and proceeded to the next house. Somebody was going to order cookies from me today. Somebody.

The sweltering weather is so uncomfortable. We turned on all our electric fans but it didn't help much.

Luis was adamant and insisted, "But Mom said she was preparing dinner tonight!"

The new student on our soccer team is a novice because they are just learning how to play.

Aaron is a wonderful piano player, but Sophia is more versatile; she sings, acts, paints and writes poetry, and also plays the piano.

Ms. Hallett did not have lunch or breakfast, so she was famished by dinnertime.

I was so parched, I drank an entire glass of water in one gulp.

They were ecstatic at the birth of their baby. They couldn't stop smiling for days.

As the summer sun sent scattered rays through the maple and oak leaves overhead, the young deer stood frozen, making it almost impossible for the hikers to see her.

Poor Farmer Chavez labors sixteen hours a day and never has time for a vacation. He deserves better! Everyone should have at least one day a week for rest and relaxation.

Put this medicine on your arm and rub it into your skin until it's invisible. It will inhibit the infection's attempt to spread

What is a symbol?

What does a heart typically symbolize?

A dog does NOT symbolize...

What does this symbol represent?

What might a "storm" symbolize?

Which of the following symbols may represent a broken relationship?

Which bird symbolizes peace and tranquility?

The color red symbolizes what two emotions?

Ana had spent an unhappy night of tossing and turning. Yesterday, the wrong move had caused her to lose the volleyball match. As she sat up in bed the next morning, she could see the sun just peeking over the bushes in her back yard. As the sun rose higher and shined more brightly, Ana felt her spirits lifting. Feeling her confidence return, Ana thought to herself, I know I can work harder, and I'll make the team forget yesterday ever happened.

In this passage, the rising sun symbolizes—

One hot summer day, a weary fox padded down a dusty road, desperate for food and drink. He had traveled for miles without finding so much as a berry to nibble or a puddle of water to sip from.

Suddenly, a beautiful aroma filled the air. The fox sniffed and sniffed, his mouth watering in anticipation. Then he looked up. Several feet above him, trailing along a trellis, was a vine full of juicy grapes.

The fox jumped up, but he could not reach them. Then he backed up, took a running start, and leaped as high as he could. Still, the grapes remained out of reach. Again and again, he tried, with no success.

Finally, exhausted and faint from his efforts, the fox gave up and went on his way. "Oh, well," he sneered, "no big loss. I could tell those grapes were sour anyway."

In this passage, the grapes symbolize—

What is symbolism?

This symbol symbolizes what?

This symbolizes what?

True or False: Symbols can only have one meaning.

Which animal symbolizes wisdom and knowledge?

Which text structure includes the signal words: -if/ then -therefore -because

In a text with a sequence text structure, the author

In a text with a compare and contrast text structure, the author

In a text with a cause and effect text structure, the author

Identify the main text structure used in the passage below.

Many students in the US say that they've been bullied at school. Natalie Hampton is a high school student who was bullied a lot in middle school. She often had no one to sit with at lunch. So, to remedy the issue, she created a phone app called "Sit With Us." This app lets students sign up and post when there are free seats at their lunch tables. These students have promised to be kind to those who come sit with them. Hampton hopes her app will help students find people to sit with without fear of being bullied.

Identify the main text structure used in the passage below.

Some rivers begin in mountains or hills, where rain water or snow melt collects and forms small channels. At first, the channels are small. Then, as more water enters the channels they grow, forming gullies (larger channels). Finally, the streams in the gullies eventually become big enough to form a river.

I do my chores each Saturday.

First, I fold the laundry and put it away.

Then I sweep and mop the kitchen floor.

After that, I empty all the garbage cans and

the recycling. Finally, when all of my chores are

finished, I can go outside to play.

In a text with a sequence text structure, the author

In a text with a cause and effect text structure, the author

In a text with a compare and contrast text structure, the author

Which text structure has steps?

Which text structure explains how things are the same or different?

Which text structure tells how something makes something else happen?

Which text structure has a problem, which is solved?

Which text structure has details?

Which text structure is written in a specific time order?

Which text structure compares similarities and differences?

Tone is most closely related to:

What is the tone of the following sentence? "'Here we go again,' he moaned, as he watched the other team score yet another goal."

Which of the following is a true statement about mood and tone?

The TIME and LOCATION that a story takes place is its what?

What is a PERSON or ANIMAL which takes part in the action of a story called?

The CENTRAL, MAIN CHARACTER of a story is called the ____________.

The character who OPPOSES the MAIN CHARACTER is called the __________.

What is the SEQUENCE of EVENTS in a story called?

A STRUGGLE or PROBLEM between two opposing forces usually a protagonist and an antagonist.

The event that sets the central conflict in motion. The event that HOOKS the reader into the story.

Without this, there would be NO story.

A related SERIES of EVENTS that BUILD TOWARD the point of greatest interest or THE CLIMAX.

Ask: What events make the conflict WORSE?

TURNING POINT in a story; the conflict or tension hits the HIGHEST point. The most SUSPENSEFUL part.

After this, everything begins to change.

Occurs AFTER THE CLIMAX as the characters work toward resolution (ending). Conflict unravels and the character wins or loses.

Ask: How do they start to FIX the conflict?

The point at which the CONFLICT is FIGURED OUT or RESOLVED.

Does not have to be a "happy ending."

Provides BACKGROUND INFORMATION about the SETTING and CHARACTERS to the audience.

-Setting: Where/When

-Characters: Who/Background Knowledge

What is the exact PLOT MOUNTAIN order?

The TIME and PLACE that a story takes place is its what?

How well do you understand PLOT? Rate your understanding.

The TIME and LOCATION that a story takes place is its what?

The TIME and LOCATION that a story takes place is its what?

What is a PERSON or ANIMAL which takes part in the action of a story called?

What has a face and two hands, but no arms or legs?

What runs but never walks, has a bed but never sleeps has a mouth but never eats?

What gets more wet the more it dries?

I'm full of keys, but I can't open any doors. What am I?

I'm light as a feather, yet the strongest man can't hold me for more than 5 minutes. What am I?

What kind of coat can only be put on when wet?

I am what I am, but if you know what I am, then I'm no longer what I am. What am I?

What can be broken even without a touch?

What occurs twice in a week, once in a year, but never in a day?

There are 5 apples and you take 3. How many apples do you have?

There are 10 lit candles on a cake, you blow out 3. How many candles are on the cake?

A farmer has 17 sheep and all but nine die. How many are left? (10 seconds)

In a year, there are 12 months. Seven months have 31 days. How many months have 28 days? (20 seconds)

Which word means: A writer suggests information through a character's thoughts, words, and actions as well as what other characters say and think about the character?

Which word means: A writer makes direct statements about a character?

What word means: His or her qualities, such as honesty?

What word means: The reasons he or she acts, such as a desire to be liked?

Joshua was a smart and intelligent boy. He always did his homework and studied hard. It showed up each time he took a test and aced it.

When he arrived at school each day, he would ask his teachers if they needed him to take the chairs down or make copies. He enjoyed going to each class and doing little jobs for his teachers.

Which statement in the story is a direct characterization?

Joshua was a smart and intelligent boy. He always did his homework and studied hard. It showed up each time he took a test and aced it.

When he arrived at school each day, he would ask his teachers if they needed him to take the chairs down or make copies. He enjoyed going to each class and doing little jobs for his teachers.

Which statement is an example of indirect characterization of Joshua being helpful?

Michael stormed out of the room and slammed his books on the desk. He thought that he'd for sure made an A on his test. He studied all night, but when he looked at the test, he realized that he studied the wrong chapters.

Michael was a great athlete. He really needed that A so that he could play the game on Friday. Luckily for him, it was Tuesday, and his teacher was going to allow him to retake it on Thursday.

Which statement in the story is a direct characterization?

Michael stormed out of the room and slammed his books on the desk. He thought that he'd for sure made an A on his test. He studied all night, but when he looked at the test, he realized that he studied the wrong chapters.

Michael was a great athlete. He really needed that A so that he could play the game on Friday. Luckily for him, it was Tuesday, and his teacher was going to allow him to retake it on Thursday.

Which indirect characterization from the story suggests that Michael is frustrated?

Crystal was simple. She loved the beach and the calmness of the ocean. She always took a trip in April to the beach to just enjoy nature. She would always be thrilled to go to the aquariums, the petting zoo, and snorkeling.

Crystal was afraid of spiders. Once on her trip, she'd walked onto the beach and stepped right on a spider. She jumped and screamed, and turned really red when she realized that it was fake. Her friend, Carlos, had planted it there to scare her. It worked!

What example from the story is direct characterization?

Crystal was simple. She loved the beach and the calmness of the ocean. She always took a trip in April to the beach to just enjoy nature. She would always be thrilled to go to the aquariums, the petting zoo, and snorkeling.

Crystal was afraid of spiders. Once on her trip, she'd walked onto the beach and stepped right on a spider. She jumped and screamed, and turned really red when she realized that it was fake. Her friend, Carlos, had planted it there to scare her. It worked!

Which example of indirect characterization suggests that Crystal was embarrassed?

Crystal was simple. She loved the beach and the calmness of the ocean. She always took a trip in April to the beach to just enjoy nature. She would always be thrilled to go to the aquariums, the petting zoo, and snorkeling.

Crystal was afraid of spiders. Once on her trip, she'd walked onto the beach and stepped right on a spider. She jumped and screamed, and turned really red when she realized that it was fake. Her friend, Carlos, had planted it there to scare her. It worked!

What is an example of direct characterization in the passage?

What is the effect of this simile:

"Overhead, a jet plane veered away like a sleek evil bird."

What does this hyperbole mean?

"Salva felt his knee turn to water."

What effect does this hyperbole give the reader:

"He sighed, and Salva heard that sigh all the way to his heart."

What effect does this simile have?

"Salva's mouth closed and opened again, as if he was a fish."

What does this metaphor mean?

"The Nile: the longest river in the world, the mother of all life in Sudan."

What effect does this simile have on the reader?

"It was like music, the sound of Akeer's laugh."

What effect does this imagery have?

"He felt as though he were standing on the edge of a giant hole- a hole filled with the black despair of nothingness."

What is the effect of this simile:

"The frigid air hit Salva's face like a slap."

How was Salva similar to his uncle?

Why was Nya disappointed when the water shot out of the borehole?

Why was Salva so surprised about getting more clothes and everyone having their own seat of the airplane?

When Salva jumped into the water, someone grabbed onto his neck and forced him underwater. After a few seconds, he felt the person's grip release. Why did the boy's grip release?

Why did Slava want to work?

Why was it difficult for Salva to go back to Sudan?

How did Salva become the leader of the group of boys walking to Kenya?

Salva left Ethiopia and headed for ________ with 1,200 other boys