The area where two major tectonic plates (Pacific and Eurasian) meet is highly prone to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.

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This explains the existence of earthquakes, tsunamis, and around 300 volcanoes (22 are active) in the country.

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Disasters caused by natural hazards, human-induced incidents, and climate change abound in the country There are also problems brought about by the vulnerabilities which increase disaster risks. Poor construction Inappropriate location Fast-growing population Urbanization/Environmental degradation Pollution Indifference

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This also pose threats to the lives of the Filipinos

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Hazard * Vulnerability/Capacity = ?

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Elements at Risk

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Four Thematic Area

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are processes or conditions, often development-related, that influence the level of disaster risk by increasing levels of exposure and vulnerability or reducing capacity.

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can increase disaster risk in a variety of ways - by altering the frequency and intensity of hazards events, affecting vulnerability to hazards, and changing exposure patterns.

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changes to the environment can influence the frequency and intensity of hazards, as well as our exposure and vulnerability to these hazards. For instance, deforestation of slopes often leads to an increase in landslide hazard and removal of mangroves can increase the damage caused by storm surges

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It results in an increased polarization between the rich and poor on a global scale. Currently increasing the exposure of assets in hazard prone areas, globalized economic development provides an opportunity to build resilience if effectively managed.

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Impoverished people are more likely to live in hazard-exposed areas and are less able to invest in risk-reducing measures. The lack of access to insurance and social protection means that people in poverty are often forced to use their already limited assets to buffer disaster losses, which drives them into further poverty.

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A new wave of urbanization is unfolding in hazard-exposed countries and with it, new opportunities for resilient investment emerge. People, poverty, and disaster risk are increasingly concentrated in cities.

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are investment environments in which public sector actors are unable or unwilling to assume their roles and responsibilities in protecting rights, providing basic services and public services.

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it is a threatening event or probability of occurrence of a potentially damaging phenomenon within a given time period and area.

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these are naturally occurring physical phenomena caused either by the rapid or slow onset of events which can be Geophysical (earthquakes, landslides,, tsunamis, volcanic eruption), hyrdrological (avalanches and floods). climatological (extreme temperature, wildfires). meteorological (weather disturbances such as LPA, cyclones, typhoon hurricanes, wave surges) or Biological (dieases, pandemic, epidemics, and insect/animal plague).

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These are events that are caused by humans an occur in or close to human settlements. This includes: 1. Environmental Degradation 2. Pollution 3. Accidents

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is an intense shaking of earth's surface. The shaking is caused by movements in earth's outermost layer.

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is the sudden movement of earth's crust at a fault line.

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is a measure of earthquake size and remains unchanged with distance from the earthquake.

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describes the degree of shaking caused by an earthquake at a given place and decreases with distance from the earthquake epicenter.

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is an instrument used to measure movements on the earth's surface.

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initial seismic waves that serve as a precursor of a main quake.

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a major quake that usually have a magnitude of 7 and up

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these are quakes experienced after the main quake and lower in magnitude.

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opening in the Earth's surface that allows the energy from the interior of the Earth to escape to the surface.

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molten rock materials beneath the Earth's surface.

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magma that have already reached the surface of a volcano.

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are volcano-related phenomena that pose potential threat or negative impact to life, property and environment

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a mixture of water, pyroclastic materials and rock fragments flowing down a volcano or river valley. It is highly destructive to anything in its path. It may partially or completely bury buildings and other structures.

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composed of bits and pieces of pulverized rock, minerals and volcanic glass generated from volcanic eruption. The fragments measure less than 2mm in diameter. Effects: may cause change in local climate, may cause collapse of buildings, corrode building materials or destroy agricultural lands, may clog air filters in vehicles and may pose health problems (respiratory diseases)

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refers to a fast moving fluidized mass of rock fragments and gases. It maintains a very high temperature, burning everything in its path

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a rock fragment that is ejected from a volcano during its explosive eruption.

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this consists of sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfate which are poisonous and hazardous to organisms. Effects: ths will cause acid rain which in turn corrodes structures and plants. it may cause respiratory problems and other health risk

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