The word was derived from the word POLY means

GRAPHS means?

it is the scientific method of detecting deception, using a polygraph machine

is emotional response to specific danger that appears to beyond a persons defensive power.

is a force or motion reaching the organism and excites the receptors.

it is an action in mental attitude evokes by external influence.

is an act of deceiving or misleading usually accompanied by lying.

It is an act of discovery of existence, presence of fact or something hidden or obscure.

the uttering or conveying of falsehood or creating a false or misleading information with the intention of affecting wrongfully the acts and opinion of other.

is any deviation from the normal tracing of the subject

is a tracing on the chart wherein the subject answered in the irrelevant question.

is one who conducts and administer the test.

refers to the composite records of pneumograph, Galvanograph and cardiosphygmograph tracings recorded from series of questions.

refers to the person being examined.

Historically, early human beings have their own way of determining lying or guilt on the part of the accused and accuser. Their common method is thru the application of

Accused placed his tongue to a red hot iron nine times (9) unless burned sooner; If burned, he is put to death.

Scale of balanced is used; In one end of the scale, the accused is placed in the other end, a counter balance

The person will step out of the scale listened to a judge deliver an extortion is the balance and her back in. If he were found to be lighter than before then he should be acquitted.

the method was that the subject will plunged their right arms into the boiling pot to the elbow and step into the other side of the fire.

It is formed with a kind of rice called sathee, prepared with various incantations

The person on trial eats, with his face to the and then spits upon an eyeful leaf; If the saliva is mixed with blood or the corner of his mouth swell or he trembles, he is declared then a liar.

The ordeal of the “sassy bark” or red water is used; The accused is made to fast for twelve hours; Then swallow a small amount of rice; Then he will be imbibed in dark colored water

A fight between the accuser and the accused, whoever lost the battle will be the adjudged guilty

The accused was put into a severe physical test.

The accused was forced to dip his hands into the boiling water or oil and ask to pick up stone in it. If he remains unhurt then he is innocent.

Red hot needle was drawn through the lips of the accused, if innocent; no blood will be seen flowing out.

Accuser and accused were placed together in the same and a tiger set loose upon them. If both were spared, further elimination followed.

The accuser and accused each were made to stand with arms crossed on their breasts. The one who endured the longest was deemed to have told the truth, the other, is the liar.

studied fear and its influence on the heart and his observations subsequently formed the basis for the technique

Developed the SPHYGMAMOMANOMETER and the SCIENTIFIC CRADLE, which he used in studying fear on the heart.

employed the first scientific instrument to detect deception. This instrument known as HYDROSPHYGMOGRAPH, measured changes in pulse and blood pressure when suspects were questioned about their involvement in or knowledge of a specific response.

He dealt with the sphygmomanometer which was used to obtain periodic discontinuous blood pressure readings during the course of an examination;

He also experienced with and helped to develop the pneumograph, which records breathing patterns, and the galvanometer, which registers changes in skin resistance.

the real “Father of Lie Detection”

The present polygraph machine is attributed to him. He is the one who develop and study to record at the same time the responses of the blood pressure, pulse rate and respiration.

Continued research and development of the polygraph. In 1949, he invented the Keeler Polygraph with components that simultaneously recorded changes in blood pressure, pulse and respiration, as well as the newly developed galvanic skin reflex

He devised the chart roll paper, a better method of questioning, and incorporated the kymograh.

- He also devised a metal bellows.

Successfully detected deception with a pneumograph, an instrument that graphically measures an examinee’s inhalation and exhalation.

He demonstrated that changes in breathing patterns accompany deception.

Determined that respiratory changes were indicative of deception

Found out that changes in systolic blood pressure were of greater value in determining deception than changes in respiration.

Theorized that the galvanic skin phenomena maybe influenced by exciting mental impressions and that the will have no effect upon it.

First to use the term “PSYCHOGALVANIC REFLEX”

Believed that the electrical phenomenon was due to the activity of the sweat glands

Proposed that lie test based on lie detector should be admissible as evidence in court.

- The detection is based on using blood pressure variations for deception detection.

discovered that electro dermal response is caused by an increase in the action of the heart and vital energy converted with human emotions.

asserted that human body has the ability to generate store, discharged high voltage of static electricity.ng blood pressure variations for deception detection.

- declared that electricity is generated by the body and named External Friction as source of generation.

- asserted those sweat glands which the body at times store the electricity and at other times discharged them.

Michigan City, Indiana, USA, (Independent Lie Detector Specialists) who invented the Electronic Psychometric using Electrodermal Response as a basis for lie detection.

- Both have proven that results of lie detection test (during) using their instrumental 95% accurate.

Methods of Detecting Deception that include Information with testimonies, physical evidence or other existing information.

Evaluation of the emotional, behavioral and cognitive reaction of a person.

Testing the credibility of the suspect’s statements.

Those scientific devises such as:

o Word Association Test

o Psychological Stress Evaluator

o Polygraph Method

composed of the brain and the spinal cord.

is involved with voluntary comparative over skeletal muscles.

– involved those involuntary physiological functions of the body and has considerable psychological impact as well.

TWO DIVISIONS OF AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

the housekeeping or braking system. It is responsible for conserving energy and making sure necessary bodily functions.

– this is our emergency, or action system.

the function is to move blood throughout the body. This blood circulation keeps organs, muscles and tissues healthy and working to keep you alive.

The circulatory system also helps your body get rid of waste products. This waste includes:

trigger an increased heart rate, high blood pressure and elevated levels of stress hormones in the blood.

This system is a network of organs and tissues that help you breathe. It includes your airways, lungs and blood vessels.

it refers to an emotional response to specific danger that appears to be beyond a person’s defensive power.

it is how individual deal with the matters or situations they find personally significant.

ranges from something as simple as seeing a color to something as major as losing a loved one

result of the autonomic nervous system’s reaction to the emotion that a person is experiencing.

this is the actual expression of the emotion. Behavioral responses can include a smile, a grimace, a laugh or a sigh along with many other reactions depending on societal norms and personality.

These are lies committed to preserve, protect or maintain the harmony of friendship or relationship.

This is a lie made by a person who cannot distinguish right from wrong.

- This is prevalent in communist countries or communist infested nations.

- This involves the political interests and motives because this is a part of communist propaganda strategy.

A lie which accompanies pretensions and hypocrisies, intriguing to cause dishonor or discredit one’s good image.

This is very pure and unjustifiable kind of lie that is intended purely to mislead or obstruct justice by a guilty accused person.

a lie that is told when it is obvious to all concerned that is it a lie.

- One lies by omission by omitting an important fact, deliberately leaving another person with a misconception.

- Lying by omission includes failures to correct pre-existing misconceptions.

often a platitude that may use euphemism, that is told to make an adult subject acceptable to children.

one that would normally cause discord it if were uncovered, but that offers some benefit to the liar and perhaps assist in an orderly society and thus potentially gives some benefit to others also.

a strategic lie told when the truth may not be told because, for example, harm to a third party would come of it.

It is the act of lying or making verifiably false statements on any material matter under oath or affirmation in a court of law or in any of various sworn statements in writing.

Pretending to have capability or intention one doesn’t. Bluffing is an act of deception that is not usually seen as immoral because it takes place in the context of a game where this kind of deception is consented to in advance by the players.

one where there isn’t an outright lie, but still has the purpose of making someone believe in an untruth.

occurs when the most fundamental aspect of a statement is true, but the degree to which it is true is not correct.

- Are lies that are meant in jest and are usually understood as such by all present parties.

- Sarcasm can be an example.

Advertisements often contain statements that are not credible, such as “we are always happy to give a refund.”

- a lie that results to emotional disturbance.

- The disturbance is caused by conflict of a person’s conscience in his attempt to deceive.

involves acceptance of person that something happened but downplays the implication or seriousness of the offense.

also called lie of fabrication, is the type of lie that is most difficult to use.

Augustine’s Taxonomy of Lies

Augustine’s Taxonomy of Lies

this is a person who panics when questioned about his involvement concerning a crime but immediately denies the truth to avoid shame or humiliation that it might cause to his family.

this is an individual whose job is to tell a lie and deceive other people

- is a person who uses the act of lying to test his ability and prove to him that he is capable of deceiving the police or authorities.

- One who is gratified by telling lies to mislead others. His view is that telling lies are one form of contest.

- a person trained to lie.

- Taught not be a squealer.

an individual who has no conscience thus capable of lying to the point of causing death to other person.

- is one who enjoys pretending and better known as hypocrite. - a person who always pretend what he is and what he thinks of himself.

Are those who lie continuously to get their own way, without care or concern for others.

Someone who continually lies as their habit.

They are quick to ask for forgiveness from the individual that they lied to and are often respected for their attempts at being truthful and humility to admit when they commit lies.

Those who cannot distinguish right from wrong due to their sick mind.

These are those who don't usually think of themselves are true "liars”.