WorksheetsQuestion Bank for Grade 12 History
Total questions: 185
Worksheet time: 2hrs 33mins
Which study used independent measures?
Andrade
Canli
Dement
Yamamoto
Which TWO studies used independent measures?
Schachter and Singer
Laney
Dement
Yamamoto
Which was NOT something being studied in Yamamoto?
memory
altruism
prosocial behaviors
empathy
Previous studies had suggested that
chimps were very likely to provide voluntary help to each other
chimps were not capable of helping each other
chimps gave help frequently, but mostly upon request
chimps rarely offered each other help
How many chimps were tested in the Yamamoto study?
4
5
6
10
Which chimp was notable for offering the brush 80% of the time?
Pal
Pan
Ai
Ayumu
Which chimp performed best on the task in the Can't See condition?
Pal
Pan
Ai
Ayumu
An animal of the same species as you is known as a
(a)
The tested animals were housed at [ ] University.
(a)
The tested animals were housed at the [ ] Research Institute.
(a)
During the familiarisation stage, each chimp was permitted to freely manipulate the 7 tools for [ ], one per day
8 five-minute trials
5 eight-minute trials
10 five-minute trials
5 ten-minute trials
The 7 items in the tray were: a stick, a straw, a chain, a hose, a rope, a brush, and a [ ].
(a)
In the Cannot See condition, the wall between the chimps was [ ]. (Hint: It starts with an O.)
(a)
In the 1st Can See Condition, an object was offered in [ ]% of the trials.
91
93
96
98
In the 2nd Can See Condition, an object was offered in [ ]% of the trials.
91
93
96
98
In the Cannot See Condition, an object was offered in [ ]% of the trials.
91
93
96
98
One strength of the Yamamoto study is its
generalisability
ecological validity
internal validity
use of qualitative data
There was a significant difference between first offers of stick or straw in
Both Can See Conditions
Only the Cannot See Condition
Only the 1st Can See Condition
Only the 2nd Can See Condition
How many objects were in the tray given to the helper chimpanzee?
6
7
8
9
Each trial ended when either the chimpanzee succeeded in getting the juice reward or [ ] minutes had passed.
2
3
4
5
How many trials were conducted in each condition?
48
24
36
72
The sample size for this experiment was
30
40
50
20
The sampling technique for this study was
random
volunteer
opportunity
stratified
This experiment was conducted at [ ] University.
(a)
Ps were TOLD this was a study about [ ] and learning.
(a)
The max voltage the "shock generator" could provide was [ ] V. (Write ONLY the number!)
(a)
Data on the dependent variable was gathered by
questionnaire
interview
observation
all of these
When asked on a questionnaire to estimate how painful the last few shocks they delivered were, the modal response was
10
12
14
16
How many Ps delivered the full shock?
24
26
28
22
No P stopped before [ ] V.
275
300
325
350
Which was not true of the sample in
They were all Yale graduates.
They ranged in age from 20-50.
They were all male.
They came from a variety of economic and educational backgrounds.
The participant was always the
learner
teacher
Prod #4: You have no other [ ], you must continue.
(a)
Researchers operationalized [ ] as any P willing to deliver all 30 shocks.
(a)
Conclusion: Individuals appear to be much [ ] to an authority figure than we might expect.
more obedient
less obedient
When Ps asked the experimenter if the shocks were dangerous, he told them "They may be extremely painful, but they are not causing [ ] tissue damage."
(a)
Conclusion: When people are given orders to act destructively, they will experience high levels of [ ].
(a)
375 V to 420 V was labeled
Danger: severe shock
XXX
Extreme intensity shock
Intense shock
435 V and 450 V were labeled
Danger: severe shock
XXX
Extreme intensity shock
Intense shock
Before the experiment, Milgram described the study to a set of Psychology students and colleagues and asked them to predict how many Ps would deliver the full shocks. The mean prediction was
1.2%
2.2%
3%
3.2%
14 out of the 40 men in the study demonstrated which sign of tension?
seizure
sweating
nervous laughter
shaking
What was Prod 3?
Please continue.
It is absolutely imperative that you continue.
The experiment requires that you continue.
You have no choice, you must continue.
The most important dependent measure was how many volts each P was willing to deliver. What was the mode?
450
368
300
350
Milgram deceived the Ps in the study in order to reduce
participant variables
mundane realism
order effects
demand characteristics
Learners had to choose the correct match word for a pair from [ ] choices.
2
3
4
5
Which ethical guideline WAS upheld in the Milgram experiment?
Informed Consent
Protection from Harm
Debriefing
Deception
Learners stopped responding altogether after
300 V
315 V
330 V
345 V
The teacher/participants received a real example shock of [ ] v.
30
45
60
75
Before beginning the real experiment, researchers had the Ps go through a preliminary run of [ ] questions to practice the procedure of asking the questions and shocking for wrong answers.
5
10
12
15
Which one of these was a stooge/confederate?
the teacher
the learner
the experimenter
Alex was asked to discriminate same/different in all of these categories EXCEPT
color
shape
material
size
Which color did Alex NOT already know when the experiment began?
red
green
blue
purple
Before Alex, scientists generally believed that comprehending symbolic relationships like same/different was limited to [ ].
(a)
Before the experiment began, Alex knew all of these shapes EXCEPT
2 corner
5 corner
6 corner
4 corner
Alex was trained on same/different using the Model-[ ] Training method.
(a)
Alex was trained on same/different using the [ ]-Rival Training method.
(a)
Who presented the objects to Alex during testing?
his primary trainer
his secondary trainer
an unrelated student
a model/rival
Who sat with their back to Alex during testing and repeated his responses?
his primary trainer
his secondary trainer
an unrelated student
a model/rival
Who created the pairs for Alex's same/different testing?
his primary trainer
his secondary trainer
an unrelated student
a model/rival
If Alex got an answer correct, he received
the item itself
the item or an alternative he requested
a specialty food/toy
a break from training
During TRAINING, items would be either rawhide or [ ].
(a)
During TRAINING, items would be either [ ] or wood.
(a)
Alex was being simultaneously trained on multiple concepts, but he received same/different training [ ] times per week.
1-2
2-4
3-5
5-7
During testing, Alex received questions about same/different [ ] times per week.
2-4
3-5
5-7
everyday
On FAMILIAR objects, Alex's FIRST-TRIAL score was
70%
77%
82%
85%
On FAMILIAR objects, Alex's ALL-TRIALS score was
70%
77%
82%
85%
On NOVEL objects, Alex's ALL-TRIALS score was
70%
77%
82%
85%
On NOVEL objects, Alex's FIRST-TRIAL score was
70%
77%
82%
85%
Aim: To investigate whether a non-primate avian subject could demonstrate [ ] understanding of same/different.
(a)
The animal ethical guideline of [ ] states that Rs should use as few animals as possible.
(a)
Before the study, Alex could vocalise all of the following materials EXCEPT
hide
wood
cork
metal
Test score in the study was determined by Correct Answers / Number of [ ]
(a)
Alex's primary same/different trainer sat with their back to him during the test and merely repeated his responses, but they could not see the test items. This was designed to reduce researcher [ ].
(a)
One animal ethical guideline is [ ] - consider whether other alternatives might be used, such as video footage of zoos or computes simulations.
(a)
This study, like Bandura, is based on the principle of [ ] learning, where a P observes the behavior of someone else, retains it, and imitates or replicates it later.
(a)
During diagnosis, the boy met the criteria for a phobia but did notably NOT meet the DSM-IV criteria for what other related disorder?
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Autism
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
The Feelings Thermometer was
a nine point scale from 0-8
a nine point scale from 1-9
an eight point scale from 0-7
an eight point scale from 1-8
Who provided positive reinforcement to the boy during the Behavioural Exposures stage of his therapy?
his mother
his father
the researcher
his teacher
The only P in Saavedra was a [ ] year old boy.
5
7
9
8
The P in Saavedra had had his phobia for [ ] years when his mother brought him into the Child Anxiety and Phobia Program at FIU.
3
4
5
6
His phobia started when
his sibling filled his backpack with buttons
he choked on a button as a small child
a bowl of buttons fell on him during an art project at school
he got a button stuck in his nose
The Saavedra study examined the role of [ ] learning in phobias.
(a)
Previous studies had focused on [ ] learning and fear in phobias.
(a)
One of the main conclusions of Saavedra is that emotions related to [ ] play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of a (button) phobia.
(a)
To diagnose him with a phobia, researchers at FIU first administered the [ ]-CP to both him and his mother.
(a)
The only P in Saavedra and Silverman was [ ].
Hispanic-American
White
African-American
Asian-America
Medium plastic colored buttons were a [ ] on the boy's Fear/Disgust Hierarchy.
4
5
6
7
Medium plastic clear buttons were a [ ] on the boy's Fear/Disgust Hierarchy.
4
5
6
7
Hugging mom while she was wearing large plastic buttons was a [ ] on the boy's Fear/Disgust Hierarchy.
4
5
6
7
The boy's Behavioral Exposures/Positive Reinforcement sessions with his mother were [ ] long.
10
15
20
30
The boy was first re-evaluated with a follow-up session after
1 month
3 months
6 months
12 months
As a result of the Behavioral Exposures Therapy, the severity of the boy's distress on the Feelings Thermometer
increased
decreased
stayed the same
doubled
During exposure therapy, Rs start with the least threatening stimuli, which for him was
large jean buttons
medium jean buttons
small plastic clear buttons
small plastic colored buttons
During session 1 of the Imagery Exposures Therapy, the boy rated "hundreds of buttons falling on body" at level [ ] on the Feelings Thermometer.
8
7
6
5
During session 2 of the Imagery Exposures Therapy, the boy rated "hundreds of buttons falling on body" at level [ ] on the Feelings Thermometer.
5
4
3
2
Which ethical guideline was LEAST problematic in this study?
confidentiality
right to withdraw
protection from harm
informed consent
In vivo exposure was used during the
Behavioral Exposures Therapy
Imagery Exposures Therapy
During session 3 of the Imagery Exposures Therapy, the boy rated "hundreds of buttons falling on body" at level [ ] on the Feelings Thermometer.
5
4
3
2
Which therapy successfully reduced the boy's avoidance of buttons?
Behavioural Exposures
Imagery Exposures
Which therapy successfully decreased the severity of the boy's distress when handling buttons?
Behavioural Exposures
Imagery Exposures
Hugging mom while she was wearing medium plastic buttons was a [ ] on the boy's Fear/Disgust Hierarchy.
4
5
6
7
Which therapy used contingency management to reward the boy when he was willing to manipulate the buttons?
Behavioural Exposures
Imagery Exposures
Which therapy used cognitive restructuring and exploring what exactly the boy found "gross" about the buttons?
Behavioural Exposures
Imagery Exposures
The main method of data collection in this study was
observation
self-report
questionnaires
experiment
Which sampling technique was used here?
volunteer
opportunity
random
stratified
How many male children were in the study?
72
36
24
12
All of the children attended [ ] University Nursery School.
(a)
This study uses [ ] design.
independent measures
repeated measures
Aim: To investigate whether children will [ ] aggressive or non-agressive behavior of a model.
(a)
Aim: To investigate whether children are more likely to imitate a [ ] model.
(a)
Researchers hypothesized that boys would be more likely to perform aggressive behavior than girls. This is an example of a [ ] hypothesis.
directional
non-directional
null
There will be a difference in aggressive learning between male and female children. This is a(n) [ ] hypothesis.
directional
non-directional
null
Any difference in aggressive behaviors between the group that sees the non-aggressive model and the control group will be due to chance.
directional
non-directional
null
Which was not one of the independent variables in the Bandura study?
sex of learner
sex of model
model type
toys selected
In the Bandura study, data on the dependent variable was gathered through
observation
self-report
experiment
correlation
Before being allocated to groups, children were evaluated by a nursery teacher and researcher on
four 5 point scales
five 4 point scales
three 4 point scales
four 3 point scales
How many children were in the control group (seeing NO model)?
72
36
24
12
How many male children saw a female model?
72
36
24
12
The second stage of the procedure, where children were given toys and then had them taken away, was called aggression [ ].
(a)
Children were observed in the generalisation situation for [ ] minutes.
10
15
20
25
Which was NOT a scale on which children were rated before the study?
verbal aggression
aggression toward inanimate objects
creative aggression
aggression inhibition
In the non-aggression situation, the model played with toys for [ ] minutes.
10
15
20
25
The non-aggressive model played with [ ] toys.
(a)
Which was NOT a verbally aggressive comment made by the model?
Sock him
Hit him down
Toss him in the air
Pow
In room/stage [ ], children were given a fire engine, locomotive train, fighter jet, spinning top, car, and doll carriage.
2
1
3
4
In room/stage [ ], children were given a tea set, three bears, plastic farm animals, and coloring paper/crayons.
2
1
3
4
Children's behavior were observed and recorded in 5 second intervals, for a total of
240 response units
120 response units
100 response units
300 response units
Striking objects OTHER than the Bobo doll with the mallet would have been recorded as
imitative physical aggression
imitative verbal aggression
non-imitative physical aggression
mallet aggression
"Horses fighting, biting" and "Shoot the Bobo" would have been recorded as
imitative physical aggression
imitative verbal aggression
non-imitative verbal aggression
non-imitative physical aggression
The inter-rate reliability between the one male rater who watched the generalisation situation and the second scorer who rated half the children was
.89
.9
.79
.8
Who was more likely to imitate verbal aggression?
boys
girls
The mean for imitative physical aggression among male subjects seeing a male model was
25.8
5.5
7.2
12.4
The mean for imitative physical aggression among female subjects seeing a male model was
25.8
5.5
7.2
12.4
Girl subjects showed greater imitative physical aggression when they saw
an aggressive male model
an aggressive female model
a non-aggressive male model
a non-aggressive female model
There were NO gender differences in play with
farm animals
tea set
guns
dolls
Which did NOT contribute to the validity of the experiment?
Pre-testing the children for aggression
Standardising the models' routine
The covert nature of the observation
The use of multiple observers
How many children were in EACH experimental condition?
3
6
12
24
Participant variables are a weakness of
independent measures only
repeated measures only
independent and repeated measures
independent measures and matched pairs
Which is NOT a possible issue with repeated measures design?
demand characteristics
order effects
participant variables
The fact that all of the students attended the same nursery school, associated with a prestigious university, undermines the study's
generalisability
validity
reliability
ethics
In 2001 Baron-Cohen designed and tested a revised version of the Reading the Mind in the [ ] test.
(a)
Which is TRUE of the revised test (compared to the old one)?
It had fewer complex emotional expressions.
It offered only two choices for each set of eyes.
It had 11 more items than the original one.
It used all female faces for consistency.
The 2001 Baron-Cohen study sought to improve the original Eyes Test as well as investigate [ ] differences in the eyes test.
(a)
Which was NOT true of Group 1?
Ps had below-average IQ scores.
Ps were volunteers recruited from a specialist magazine.
Ps were all male.
Ps had a mean age of 29.7.
Group 2 was recruited from adult ed classes in Exeter and public [ ] in Cambridge.
(a)
Which group was assumed to have comparatively high IQ/advanced intellectual capabilities?
1
2
3
4
Which group was age and IQ matched to Ps with AS/HFA?
1
2
3
4
How many Ps were in Group 1?
15
22
28
24
What was the modal score for the Eyes test?
15
22
28
24
Figuring out someone's emotional state from a static picture of only their eyes is a task with low [ ] realism.
(a)
Each set of words - target and foils - was piloted on [ ] judges before being put in the test.
5
8
6
10
What was Group 1's mean score for the revised Eyes Test?
15
22
28
24
What was Group 3's (students) mean score for the revised Eyes Test?
15
22
28
24
The revised Eyes Test is a more sensitive test of [ ] intelligence.
(a)
The revised Eyes Test included [ ] items (questions).
25
26
35
36
The fact that the revised version gave similar results to the original version suggests the data has high
generalisability
reliability
internal validity
external validity
The correlation between AQ and Eyes Test scores was
-.53
.53
-.78
.78
Within the normal groups, [ ] scored higher on the Eyes Test, though the difference was not statistically significant.
males
females
Which is NOT true about the method of this study?
It was a quasi-experiment.
It was a lab experiment.
It used repeated measures.
It had 4 groups.
Which is TRUE of independent measures design?
It increases the likelihood of demand characteristics.
Participant variables are an issue.
Order effects may skew the data.
It requires fewer participants.
This is a [ ] experiment because Ps were not randomly allocated to groups.
(a)
Which was the dependent variable for this study?
how Ps performed on the Eyes Test
whether Ps had Aspergers/High-Functioning Autism
whether Ps could distinguish between male and female faces
whether Ps were male or female
When a test is too easy and most or all Ps score the highest possible score, that is known as a [ ] effect.
(a)
Which is TRUE of the samples in Laney?
Mostly male
Mostly female
Evenly mixed between males and females
Age range 18-55
The Laney study differed from previous studies in false memory because researchers were trying to plant a [ ] food-related memory.
(a)
This study was
a lab experiment with independent measures design
a field experiment with independent measures design
a lab experiment with repeated measures design
a field experiment with repeated measures design
The IV in the study was
whether Ps reported liking asparagus the first time they tried it
whether Ps became believers in the memory
whether Ps were told that they had liked asparagus the first time they tried it
whether Ps indicated they were likely to order asparagus on the Restaurant Questionnaire
The sample in Experiment 1 were undergraduates from University of
California
Washington
Wisconsin
Colorado
The sample in Experiment 2 were undergraduates from University of
California
Washington
Wisconsin
Colorado
Which TWO questionnaires were only given during Week 2?
Food Preferences Questionnaire
Memory or Belief Questionnaire
Restaurant Questionnaire
Food History Inventory
Which TWO questionnaires were given during Week 1 AND Week 2??
Food Preferences Questionnaire
Food Costs Questionnaire
Restaurant Questionnaire
Food History Inventory
The most important numerical result to memorize from this study comes from the
Food History Inventory
Memory or Belief Questionnaire
Food Preferences Questionnaire
Food Costs Questionnaire
In BOTH experiments (1 & 2), the mean score for the LOVE group's confidence that they liked asparagus the first time they tried it increased by [ ] after the false memory was implanted.
(a)
The most important result to memorize: In BOTH experiments, the love group's mean [ ] score (how sure they were they liked asparagus the first time they tried it) increased by 2.5.
(a)
Which was NOT one of the distractor items on the "personalized" report each P received?
Disliked spinach
Loved apples
Enjoyed fried foods
Felt happy when a classmate brought sweets to school
In Experiment 2, Rs showed Ps [ ] slides with images of common foods, such as strawberries, pizza, spinach, and asparagus.
(a)
Ps in Experiment 2 looked at each of the picture slides for [ ] seconds.
(a)
For each image, Ps were asked to evaluate all of the following EXCEPT
how appetizing they found the food
whether the photographer was a novice, amateur, or professional
the artistic quality of the photo
how likely they were to eat the food
Which is NOT true of independent measures, the design used in Laney et al?
Order effects are eliminated.
Demand characteristics are reduced.
Participant variables are eliminated.
It requires more participants.
There will be a difference between the control group and the love group in the amount Ps are willing to pay for asparagus. This is a(n) [ ] hypothesis.
one-tailed
two-tailed
null
The results for the Food History Inventory indicated
how likely a P was to order asparagus at a restaurant
how appetizing or disgusting the P found asparagus
how much a P was willing to pay for asparagus
how confident a P was that they had liked asparagus when they first tried it
What was the average age of the samples in both experiments?
20
22
18
30
Dependent variable data in Laney was gathered through
questionnaires
interviews
observations
tests
Which is an advantage of questionnaires?
greater social desirability bias compared to interviews
ability to ask follow-up questions
no need to interpret P responses
quick and easy to gather data from many Ps
Which measure of central tendency is better for a data set with significant outliers?
mean
median
mode
range
