It came from the root word “correct” which means “to right a wrong”.

the study and practice of a system management of jails or prisons and other institution concerned with the custody, treatment and rehabilitation of offenders.

is the study of punishment of crime or of criminal offenders.

It includes the study of control and prevention of crime through punishment of criminal offenders.

The term was derived from the Latin word “poena” which means “pain or suffering”. It is otherwise known as Penal Science.

The term was derived from the Latin word “poena” which means

It is otherwise known as Penal Science.

refers to the manner or practice of managing or controlling places of confinement as jails or prisons.

take charge of correcting offender through community-based program such as probation, suspended sentence for first time minor offenders, Parole and Conditional Pardon.

Refers to the community based treatment where individual will be rehabilitated within the community. A system which allows convicted offenders to stay in the community to serve their sentence subject to condition imposed law.

it refers to a community-based program, where a person is subjected to the following privileges such as Probation, Parole and Executive Clemencies.

Derived from the Latin word “Probare” which means

Derived from the Latin word “Probare” which means “to prove”

defined as a sentence imposed by the courts on offenders who have pleaded guilty or have been found guilty.

developed out of various practices used under English common law.

the earliest device for softening brutal severity of punishment.

It allowed certain accused individuals to appeal to the court for leniency in sentencing by reading from the Bible.

whereby a convicted offender could ask the judge to suspend the sentence on the condition that the offender displays future good behavior.

It is a temporary withholding of sentence practiced by the English Court in early 17th century, where they grant reprieves to prisoners under sentence of death on the condition that they accept deportation or transportation.

an 18th century English barrister and Judge

a 19th century Boston boot-maker

• A young professional in England

• Had witnessed the sentencing of youthful offenders to one-day terms, on the condition that they are returned to a parent/guardian who would closely supervise them.

When he became the Recorder of Birmingham, he used a similar practice for individuals who did not seem hopelessly corrupt.

• If offenders demonstrated a promise of rehabilitation, they were placed in the hands of generous guardians who willingly took charge of them. Hill had police officers pay periodic visits to these guardians in an effort to track the offender’s progress and keep a running account.

Father of Probation

• A Boston shoemaker, and recognized as the first true Probation Officer.

• Born on Woburn, Massachusetts in 1785.

Starting in the early 1840’s, He volunteered to stand bail and assume custody for selected, less serious offenders in exchange for the judge’s deferring the sentence.

He is responsible for monitoring offender’s activities and later reporting to the judge on their performance in the community. If the judge was satisfied with the community performance, charges were dropped; if not, sentencing proceeded.

another Bostonian, continued the work of Augustus by identifying offenders being tried in the courts and whose cases were committed by force of circumstance and not due to criminal nature of the accused.

The first Probation Law was passed by the Legislature of Massachusetts and signed into law by Governor

The first Probation Law was passed by the Legislature of Massachusetts and signed into law by Governor Alexander B. Rice on