nociceptors

photoreceptors

mechaoreceptor

thermoreceptor

reffered pain

sharp, localzied pain

dull, aching pain

nociceptors fire a quick stimulus in response to dull pain

dull ache

takes body a while to detect pain

located deep within body organs or cavities

localized throbbing

organ and skin receptors form a single pathway

pain may be sensed on/in a different area of the body

dull, aching pian present in multiple areas at once

pain originates from a deep organ or cavity

nociceptors detect stimuli, chemicals are secreted so that impulse travels to spinal cord, that is then conducted to brainstem and the cerebrum that then relays the signal to the medulla oblongata that produces a emotional response to pain

injured tissues secrete histamine that stims nociceptors, neuron conducts impulse to brain stem, impulse travels to cerebrum, then limbic system that produces a emotional response to pain

injured tissues secrete a chemical that stims nociceptors, neurons conduct the impulse to spine, singal travels to brain stem, cerebrum makes one aware of pain and signal then travels to hyopthalamus + limbic system that produces a emotional response to pain

senses sound vibrations

aids in balance and hearing

connects to the nasopharynx and equalizes pressure

is the organ of hearing

the structure needed for hearing

a structure that contains a gel-like substance that helps indicate the position of the head

a structure consisting of three small bones that connect the eardrum to the inner ear

essential for balance

the outer cartilage of the ear

the three bones that connect to the eardrum

the organ needed for hearing

a bulb-like structure that detects the direction of head movement

involves the ampulla at the end of each cannal

involves semicircular canals

maintenance of proper head position in response to rotational / turning movements

involves the vestibule

involves otoliths / hair cells that are pulled by a gel-like subtance to indicate head positon

involves the vestibule

involves the utricle and saccule

detects positon of head when body is stationary

active in dim light

concentrated at the peripheral of the retina

sharp vision

concentrated at the centre of the retina

active in bright light

the curvature of the lens that allows eyes to focus on nearby objects

bending of light to focus rays on retina

lining up of the visual axis so that light rays fall on the retina

eyes moving parallel or inward

collar around the lense that secretes aqueous humor

area of the retina that produces the sharpest vision (increased amount of cones here)

centre of the retina

the blind spot where nerve fibers leave the retina

removes wastes from the eye

water-like consistency

provides nutrients to the eye

protects the eye

a gel-like substance that lies behind the lens

maintains pressure within the eye

protects the eye from debris and impaction

prevents eyeball structure from collasping

secretes aqueous humor

loacted at the centre of the retina

located between the lens and cornea

located behind the lens

secretes vitreous humor

largest cavity of the eye

loacted behind the lens

carries tears into the nasal cavity

protects eyes from foreign material

rotate eye from side to side and downwards

drains tears from the eye

blocks light when closed

ampulla

semicircular canals

macula lutea

cochlea

outermost layer of the eye

transparent disc that changes shape

vascularized tissue of the retina

area of retina that produces the sharpest vision

a nerve that transmits impulse to the brain to be interpreted

transparent extension that admits light into the eye

vascularized tissue that supplies blood to the eye

ring of colored muscle that adjusts the diameter of the pupil to control the amount of light entering the eye

produces night vision

produces color vision

concentrated at the centre of the retina

produces sharp vision