WorksheetsGeneral Physiology Review
Total questions: 20
Worksheet time: 19mins
Despite continuous scientific research into the control of pathogens, it has proved very difficult to eliminate them. What is/are the reason(s) for this?
I. Development of antibiotic resistance in viruses
II. Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria
III. Mutations of pathogens
II only
I and II only
II and III only
I, II and III
The graph shows the concentration of the lipid lecithin in the amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus during normal gestation. This lipid is produced in the lungs of the fetus and acts as a surfactant. What problem may occur in a baby born before 34 weeks gestation?
Type I pneumocytes do not produce sufficient surfactant for lungs to inflate.
There are no type II pneumocytes.
The alveolar walls stick together.
The alveoli are too large.
The graph shows human body temperature variation in a daily rhythm of 24 hours. Which hormone controls this variation?
Leptin
Insulin
Glucagon
Thyroxin
Some vaccinations, such as the smallpox vaccine, provide lifelong immunity against the disease. For others, such as tetanus, this immunity lasts for a shorter period of time. Why is a tetanus booster vaccination recommended every 10 years?
Antibodies that formed after the first vaccination persist in the blood for up to 10 years.
Memory cells are not produced after the first vaccination.
Only non-specific immunity is stimulated after the first vaccination.
Memory cells gradually decline over 10 years.
Melatonin controls circadian rhythms and is involved in the sleep-wake cycle. The pineal gland, which secretes melatonin, is inhibited by light. The graph shows a normal cycle where bedtime is around 10pm. Using data from the graph, what might be the effect(s) of screen light from a laptop, tablet or phone at bedtime?
I. Delay in melatonin production
II. Lower peak concentration of melatonin
III. Peak of melatonin earlier in the evening
I only
III only
II and III only
I, II and III
A person with failing kidneys is often treated with dialysis several times a week. This is done either by passing blood through a dialysis machine or by using the peritoneum, the lining of the abdomen, as shown in the diagram. Dialysis fluid is similar to normal blood plasma. What would be in solution in the dialysis fluid?
Sugar, salts and urea
Salts and urea only
Sugar only
Sugar and salts only
Which step occurs in both spermatogenesis and oogenesis?
First division of meiosis is stopped in prophase I until puberty begins.
Germinal epithelium cells divide by mitosis.
At the end of the first division in meiosis, the cytoplasm is divided equally between daughter cells.
Four haploid gametes are produced at the end of meiosis II.
What is the role of HCG in pregnancy?
It is secreted by the embryo to stimulate progesterone secretion by the ovary during early pregnancy.
Together with oxytocin, it is involved in the positive feedback required for uterine contractions during birth.
It sustains the secretion of progesterone by the placenta throughout pregnancy.
It stimulates the ovary to maintain secretion of estrogen in early pregnancy.
The diagram shows a simplified carbon cycle. Which processes are taking place at X and Y?
X= photosynthesis, Y = fossilization
X= respiration, Y = fossilization
X= photosynthesis, Y = combustion
X= respiration, Y = combustion
Which process describes starch metabolism in humans?
Starch is digested by amylase in the mouth, stomach and small intestine.
Amylase digests starch into monomers of sucrose.
Glucose produced by the digestion of starch can be stored as glycogen.
Optimal activity of amylase occurs in the stomach at pH 2.
Which structures are part of the walls of both capillaries and veins?
I. Cells
II. Pores
III. Elastic fibres
I only
I and II
I and III
I, II and III
What is a method of transmission of HIV and its effect on the immune system?
A
B
C
D
A cell from the lungs, observed under the microscope, contains a large number of secretory organelles. Which conclusion can be drawn about the cell?
It is a type I pneumocyte.
It is a type II pneumocyte.
It could be either a type I or type II pneumocyte.
It is a red blood cell.
The image shows a neuron. What is the function of X?
Increases the speed of transmission along the axon
Increases the rate of exchange of sodium and potassium ions
Holds bundles of neurons together to form a nerve
D. Determines the direction of the action potential
Determines the direction of the action potential
Leptin helps to regulate body mass in humans and mice. The image shows an obese mouse (O) and a normal mouse (N). What hypothesis could account for the differences between the mice?
The hypothalamus of mouse O stopped producing leptin.
Adipose cells of mouse O are continuously producing leptin.
Mouse N has a defective leptin receptor.
Leptin binds to receptors in the hypothalamus of mouse N.
The micrograph shows a glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule, where ultrafiltration takes place in the kidney. What facilitates the formation of glomerular filtrate?
Many fenestrations in walls of capillaries in the glomerulus
High pressure in the Bowman’s capsule
ADH secreted by the pituitary gland
Osmosis caused by a high concentration of urea in the blood
What occurs during inhalation?
A
B
C
D
Which hormone regulates the hours of sleep and wakefulness?
Thyroxine
Insulin
Leptin
Melatonin
What occurs as a result of a cut in the skin of a finger?
Prothrombin is transformed into thrombin.
Fibrin is converted to insoluble fibrinogen.
Platelets produce antibodies to prevent infection.
Clotting factors are released from red blood cells.
What is most likely to increase in the presence of insulin?
The rate of anaerobic respiration
The chances of Type I diabetes
The uptake of glucose by muscles
The concentration of glucagon
