Manipulating a cell or organism to change its basic characteristics. Farmers also used more irrigation, fertilizers, and pesticides.

(a)  

An American researcher who developed an injectable vaccine against polio had proven effective

(a)  

the loss of Earth’s trees as a result of cutting down trees so the land could be used for agriculture

(a)  

The removal of the natural vegetation cover through expansion and intensive use of agricultural lands in arid and semi-arid lands

(a)  

This term means “new man.”Scientists wanted to change the name because humans now affect

almost the entire planet.

(a)  

The first major international agreement to reduce carbon  signed in 1997.

(a)  

This  gave new hope for progress against global warming. Leaders of both the United States and China supported this new deal. However, in 2017, President Donald Trump announced that the United States would withdraw from the Paris Agreement.

(a)  

Are economic systems based on supply and demand, with as little government

control as possible.

(a)  

The North American Free Trade Agreement. This agreement encouraged U.S. and Canadian industries to build maquiladoras (factories) in Mexico that used low-wage Mexican labor

to produce tariff-free goods for foreign export.

(a)  

Factories in Mexico that used low-wage Mexican labor to produce tariff-free goods for foreign export.

(a)  

taxes on foreign imports,

(a)  

International organization established to supervise and liberalize world trade. The WTO is the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

(a)  

US President who advocated for cutting taxes, regulations, and government assistance to the poor as a way to promote economic growth.

(a)  

British Prime Minister who advocated cutting taxes, regulations, and government assistance to the poor as a way to promote economic growth.

(a)  

 In 1989, a large but peaceful student-led demonstration in Beijing was met by force from the government. Soldiers using guns and tanks broke up the

demonstrations, killing hundreds of people.

(a)  

A leader of the African National Congress (ANC), was imprisoned for life for agitating against apartheid. The ANC’s primary goals were to end white domination and create a multiracial South Africa. Mandela’s imprisonment throughout the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s inspired a global movement to end apartheid.

(a)  

Combined socialism with Catholicism, spread through Latin America in the 1950s and 1960s. It interpreted the teachings of Jesus to include freeing people from the abuses of economic, political, and social conditions. Part of this liberation included redistributing some wealth from the rich to the poor. 

(a)  

Politician who as president of South Africa (1989–94) brought the apartheid system of racial segregation to an end and negotiated a transition to majority rule in his country. He and Nelson Mandela jointly received the 1993 Nobel Prize for Peace for their collaboration in efforts to establish nonracial democracy in South Africa

(a)  

a multinational agency with offices in more than 55 countries. That  battles deforestation,

desertification, global warming, the killing of whales, and overfishing.

(a)  

Was the second multipurpose international organization established in the 20th century that was worldwide in scope and membership. Its predecessor, the League of Nations, was created by the Treaty of Versailles in 1919 and disbanded in 1946.

(a)  

The UN created in 1946 to provide food for children in Europe who were still suffering more than a year after the end of World War II.

(a)  

A judicial body set up by the original UN charter. It settles disputes over international law that countries bring to it. Also called the World Court, it has 15 judges. It often deals with border disputes and treaty violations.

(a)  

Instituted in 1948, enforced the segregation of people based on race. Although white South Africans made up only 15 percent of South Africa’s population,  This system reserved good jobs and other privileges for whites.

(a)  

Required black South Africans to carry identity documents when entering areas set aside for whites, which they often had to do when traveling to their jobs.

(a)  

South African political party and black nationalist organization. Founded in 1912 (as the South African Native National Congress), the ANC was long dedicated to the elimination of apartheid.

(a)  

a person who belongs to one of the lowest castes, outside the four main castes in the Indian varna system; 

(a)  

system, the government guaranteed that a certain percentage of government and public sector jobs and enrollment in higher education would be set aside for people whose caste had conferred an

underprivileged life.

(a)  

People the world over learned more about the United States than Americans learned about the rest of the world. This dominance of the United States created resentment among those who felt that

American popular culture diluted their unique cultural identity.

(a)  

In 2013, the collapse of the Rana Plaza factory, an eight-story building in Dhaka, Bangladesh, shocked the world. More than 1,000 people died and another 2,500 suffered injuries. Most of the dead and injured were female garment workers who made clothing for Western companies.

(a)  

In 2016, 52 percent of British voters agreed to leave the European Union, an international political and economic organization of 28 countries.

(a)  

a Turkic-speaking people of interior Asia. Uyghurs live for the most part in northwestern China, in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region; a small number live in the Central Asian republics. There were some 10,000,000 Uyghurs in China and a combined total of at least 300,000 in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan in the early 21st century.

(a)  

the only UN body in which all members have representation. It decides important questions on peace and security, admission of new members, and budget. To make a decision, a two-thirds majority of those present and voting must agree. Each member nation has one vote.

(a)  

Acts on issues the General Assembly debates. It may even use military force against a country accused of violating UN principles.

(a)  

is the UN’s administrative arm..

(a)  

Leads and influences the entire UN organization.

(a)  

Supervised the governments of trust territories, including land that is now Israel, Papua New Guinea, and Nauru. The council’s mission was to help those areas become self-governing and independent.

(a)  

Created in 1944, It  fought poverty by providing loans to countries. It first focused on dams and roads. Later it expanded its mission to social projects, such as education and disease prevention.

(a)  

It included several basic rights and freedoms:

• freedom from slavery, torture, and degrading punishment

• equality before the law

• the right to a nationality

• the right to own property, either individually or with others

• freedom of thought, conscience, religion, opinion, and expression

• equal pay for equal work

• the right to rest and to enjoy paid holidays

• equal rights for children born within and outside of marriage

• the right to adequate food, clothing, shelter, health care, and education

(a)  

The UN created the United Nations (Educational Scientific ann Cultural Organization (UNESCO). After repairing war damage, UNESCO began to focus on developing literacy, extending free education, and protecting cultural and environmental sites by designating them World Heritage Sites.

(a)