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8th Grade Science -MCAS Review

Total questions: 103

Worksheet time: 9hrs 35mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

If an object has more _______, it will have more gravitational force.

a)

mass

b)

distance

c)

volume

d)

speed

2.

What makes mass and weight different?

a)

Mass is the amount of matter meanwhile weight is expressed in kg, lbs. and g.

b)

Mass and weight are expressed in g, kg and lbs.

c)

Mass is the amount of matter meanwhile weight is the force of gravity on an object's mass.

d)

none of the choices

3.
As mass increases, what happens to gravitational force?
a)
increases
b)
decreases
c)
stays the same
d)
i don't know
4.
How many elements are represented in the compound?
Na2CO3
a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

5.

Element, mixture, or compound?

a)

element

b)

mixture

c)

compound

6.

Element, mixture, or compound?

a)

element

b)

mixture

c)

compound

7.

What do you see in this picture?

a)

A pure element

b)

A pure compound

c)

A mixture of two elements

d)

A mixture of two compounds

e)

A mixture of an element and a compound

8.

What do you see in this picture?

a)

A pure element

b)

A pure compound

c)

A mixture of two elements

d)

A mixture of two compounds

e)

A mixture of an element and a compound

9.

Matter is best described as anything that has _________________

a)

mass

b)

mass and velocity

c)

mass and takes up space

d)

mass, density and exerts pressure

10.

What kind of substance is composed of two or more DIFFERENT elements that are chemically combined?

a)

element

b)

mixture

c)

solution

d)

compound

11.

What kind of substance is composed of two or more atoms that are chemically combined?

a)

solution

b)

mixture

c)

molecule

d)

compound

12.

identify the model

a)

element

b)

compound

c)

mixture of element

d)

mixture of compounds

e)

mixture of elements and compounds

13.

What is the chemical formula for this compound

a)

SOO

b)

SO

c)

SO2

d)

SO3

14.

Name the elements and the number of atoms

a)

SODIUM - 2

CARBON 1

OXYGEN 3

b)

NITROGEN 2

COBALT 3

c)

NITROGEN 2

CARBON 1

OXYGEN 3

d)

NITROGEN 2

CARBON 3

OXYGEN 3

15.

Which state of matter has atoms or molecules spread the farthest apart?

a)

solid

b)

liquid

c)

gas

d)

grass

16.

Which of the following best describes a mixture?

a)

a material that is made up of many molecules

b)

a substance that can be changed into another substance

c)

a material that contains two or more different substances that are NOT chemically combined

d)

a material that contains two or more different substances

17.

A student mixes a liquid with salt water and a white precipitate forms, this is a good indicator that what has occurred?

a)

A physical change has occurred

b)

A chemical change has occurred

c)

The mass will increase

d)

None of the above

18.
Is a a rusting bicycle a chemical or physical change?
a)
chemcial
b)
physical
19.

In which of the following situations is a sugar cube undergoing a chemical change?

a)

when it is burned

b)

when it is crushed

c)

when it is mixed with salt

d)

when it is dissolved in water

20.

Which box has a higher density?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

They are the same

21.

If an object has a mass of 15 grams and a volume of 3.0 cubic centimeters, what will the density of the object be?

a)

5 g/cm3

b)

15 g/cm3

c)

0.2 g/cm3

d)

5 g

e)

15 g

22.

Vaporization/ evaporation is the change of physical state from _______ to _______.

a)

gas to liquid

b)

liquid to gas

c)

solid to gas

d)

gas to solid

23.

Three liquids and two solids are placed in a graduated cylinder. The substances arrange themselves in the cylinder according to their densities. Use the information to identify the liquids and solids in the graduated cylinder. start with the top solid as substance 1, and the top liquid as substance 2, and so on

a)

Gold

b)

Mercury

c)

water

d)

Gasoline

e)

Cork

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
24.

Which liquid is the least dense?

a)

oil

b)

water

c)

syrup 

25.

Match the following

a)

mass

1.

the amount of substance in an object

b)

volume

2.

the amount of space an object takes up

c)

matter

3.

something that has mass and volume

d)

density

4.

the amount of substance per unit of volume

26.

Put the following in order from most dense (on the left) to least dense (on the right).

a)

a lead pipe

b)

a copper penny

c)

an iron frying pan

d)

a tin can

e)

an aluminum baseball bat

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
27.

Who studied different characteristics of pea plants by cross-pollinating plants?

a)

Gregor Mendel

b)

Albert Punnett

c)

Sir Isaac Newton

d)

David Kuster

28.

An organisms's allele combination is known as

a)

phenotype

b)

mutation

c)

hybrid

d)

genotype

29.

Match the following base pairs found in DNA.

a)

A

1.

T

b)

G

2.

C

c)

T

3.

A

30.

T - tall and t = short In the Punnett square below, what belongs in the missing square

a)

tt

b)

Tt

c)

Bb

d)

TT

31.

Each section of DNA that codes for a specific trait is called a _______.

a)

gene

b)

DNA

c)

base pair

32.
A ________________________ is used to predict the possible genotype from certain parents
a)
Mendel Grid
b)
Genetic Tic Tac Toe
c)
Punnett Square
d)
Pedigree Plot
33.

What are the alleles of highlighted box?

(a)  

34.

What are the possible phenotypes in this Punnett square?

a)

Bb, bb, BB

b)

purple, white

c)

Bb, bb

d)

light purple

35.
G = green, g = yellow
The genotype for a yellow plant is...
a)
GG
b)
Gg
c)
gg
d)
all of the choices result in yellow
36.

Match the following

a)

The study of how traits are passed from parents to offspring.

1.

Genetics

b)

Small segments of information found on DNA that contain instructions for an organism’s traits.

2.

Genes

c)

An organism’s entire genetic makeup.

3.

Genotype

d)

An organism’s physical appearance, or the traits that are exhibited.

4.

Phenotype

e)

The different forms a gene may have for a trait.

5.

Alleles

37.

Which of the following is homozygous dominant?

a)

Yy

b)

Y

c)

yy

d)

YY

38.

What are the phenotype percentages of the offspring?

(A-Brown fur color; a-white fur color)

a)

50 % Brown fur and 50% White fur

b)

25 % Brown fur and 75% White fur

c)

75 % Brown fur and 25% White fur

d)

0% Brown fur and 100% White fur

39.
In rabbits, black fur (B) is dominant over brown fur (b). If a rabbit has brown fur, what can you conclude about its genotype?
a)
It is BB.
b)
It is Bb
c)
It is brown
d)
It is bb.
40.
The shape of the DNA molecule is a double __________________?
a)

"S"

b)

helix

c)

rope

d)

curve

41.

Proteins are made with the help of _______________.

a)

The Nucleus

b)

DNA

c)

RNA

d)

None of the answers provided are correct

42.

What does the picture represent?

a)

Translation

b)

Transcription

c)

DNA Replication

d)

None of the answers provided are correct

43.

In what organelle is the genetic material (DNA) found inside?

a)

Endoplasmic Reticulum

b)

Golgi Complex

c)

Nucleolus

d)

Nucleus

44.
Guanine bonds with ______________.
a)

Adenine

b)

Guanine

c)

Cytosine

d)

Thymine

45.
Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand
ATG TGA CAG
a)
ATG TGA CAG
b)
TAC ACT GTC
c)
GTA AGT GAC
d)
CAT TCA CTG
46.
A front is
a)
where warm air is cooling at earth's surface
b)
a boundary where hot and cold air are separating
c)
a boundary where two different air masses meet
d)
where cold air is rising and forming rain clouds
47.
A cold front usually brings what kind of weather?
a)

snow  and rain with warmer temperatures after the front passes

b)

sunny and fair with colder temperatures after the front passes

c)

rain and/or thunderstorms with cooler temperatures after the front passes 

d)

 cool and dry temperature's with no rain or snow

48.
Question Image

Match the following weather front symbol to its name.

a)
1.

cold front

b)
2.

warm front

c)
3.

occluded front

d)
4.

stationary front

49.
What would you expect from a Continental Polar air mass? 
a)
moist, warm air
b)
dry, cold air
c)
dry, warm air
50.
What type of front is this? 
a)
warm front
b)
cold front
c)
stationary front
d)
occluded front
51.
What type of front is this?
a)
warm front
b)
cold front
c)
stationary front
d)
occluded front
52.
A hurricane forms over the Atlantic Ocean. When it hits land and comes ashore, its wind speed decrease significantly.  This happens because the hurricane:
a)
gains more water from the flooded land than the ocean
b)
meets a land breeze
c)
meets a stronger hurricane moving from land
d)
no longer gains energy from warm ocean water
53.
____________ air sinks/falls because it is ____________dense.
a)

Cold, More

b)

Warm, Less

c)

Cold, Less

d)

Warm, More

54.

What are the characteristics of a high-pressure system?

a)

Wind and rain

b)

Humidity and thunder

c)

Extremely hot temperatures

d)

Clear skies and sun

55.
According to the diagram, the southern hemisphere is experiencing summer because
a)
The bottom of the axis is facing the sun receiving more rays of sunlight.
b)
The bottom axis is not facing the sun 
c)
The axis is not tilted
d)
The top of the axis is facing the sun receiving more rays of sunlight.
56.
What kind of weather is usually associated with a low pressure system?
a)

Sunny weather

b)

Precipitation (rain, snow, etc.)

c)

None of the answers provided

57.
Over the past 200 years, the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has
a)
decreased slightly.   
b)
increased until recently, and then decreased.
c)
increased steadily.   
d)
stayed about the same.
58.
The main human activity that releases greenhouse gases is...
a)
using bottled water
b)
burning fossil fuels
c)
texting on cellphones
d)
eating meat
59.

Cutting down large forests (deforestation) can result in:

a)

little to no changes

b)

more homes for animals

c)

less plants to absorb carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas

60.

The pelvic bone of whales is not needed for movement within the water. This is an example of a(n) ______________ structure.

a)

vestigial

b)

analogous

c)

homologous

61.

The forelimbs of mammals have similar anatomy because these groups descended from a recent common ancestor. Their bone structure is an example of a(n) ______________ structure.

a)

vestigial

b)

analogous

c)

homologous

d)

embryology

62.

Many different groups of organisms have wings, even though they do not share a recent common ancestor. This is because they evolved in environments with similar selective pressures. Wings are an example of a(n) ______________ structure.

a)

vestigial

b)

analogous

c)

homologous

63.

_____________is a structural adaptation that enables species to blend in with their environments.

a)

Genetics

b)

Mimicry

c)

Camouflage

d)

Natural Selection

64.
The trees these moths used to live on were white, but have been covered in soot from coal factories. Which moth will be more successful in this environment?
a)
Dark moth
b)
Light moth
c)
Both will be equally successful
d)
Neither will be successful
65.
Question Image

Match the following by their example.

a)

birds migrating or a possum "playing dead"

1.

behavioral adaptation

b)

a drop in body temperature during hibernation or waterproof eggshells for reptiles

2.

functional adaptation

c)

polar bears have bumps on the pads of the feet or the length of a tortoises neck

3.

structural adaptation

66.
What does Darwin's theory of evolution suggest?
a)
species change over time
b)
extinct species are not related to living species
c)
different species can interbreed
d)
animals that look alike are most closely related
67.
What most likely caused the finches on the Galapagos Islands to have beaks that were differnt from the finches living on the South American mainland?
a)
They were different types of food available on the island.
b)
The finches on the islands had to drink salt water.
c)
There were different types of predators living on the island.
d)
The finches on the mainland built different types of nests.
68.
This scientist came up with the idea of natural selection.
a)
Jean Baptiste Lamarck
b)
Gregor Mendel
c)
Charles Darwin
d)
Thomas Malthus
69.
The diagram shows fossils in different rock layers. Which of these statements about the age of these fossils is most likely correct?
a)
Fossil A and C are the same age
b)
Fossil B is older than fossil C
c)
Fossils A is older than fossil B
d)
Fossil D is older than fossil C
70.
The environment around Manchester, England, changed during the Industrial Revolution.  How did this change affect peppered moths living in the area?
a)
Natural selection favored moths with dark wings because predators could not see them on the soot-colored trees.
b)
Natural selection favored moths with white wings that were easy for predators to see.
c)
Natural selection favored moths with white wings because predators could not see them on the soot-colored trees.
d)
Natural selection caused moths with white wings to become extinct.
71.

How is weight different from mass?

a)

Weight changes depending on gravity; mass stays constant throughout the universe.

b)

Weight is measured in grams; mass is measured in newtons.

c)

Weight can be converted to energy; mass cannot.

d)

Weight is measured with a scale; mass is measured with a triple-beam balance.

72.

Why does this picture demonstrate the Law of Conservation of Mass?

a)

the number of atoms of each element are the same on both sides

b)

they start out separate and end up combined

c)

the same elements are used

d)

it doesn't demonstrate the Law of Conservation of Mass

73.
How many nitrogen atoms does NH3 have?
a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

74.

What is the right part of a chemical equation called?

2H2 + O2 ---> 2H2O

a)

Reactants

b)

Yields

c)

Products

d)

Chemical Equation

75.

Which of the following is a possible sign that a chemical reaction has occurred?

a)

change in shape

b)

melting

c)

formation of a gas (bubbles)

d)

dissolving

76.

How many Magnesium atoms are there in Mg3N2?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

77.

How many Hydrogen atoms are in 4H2O?

a)

6

b)

8

c)

2

d)

4

78.

How many Sodium atoms are there in NaCl?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

79.
If a reaction starts with a total 75g of reactants it should produce 
a)

a total of 40g of products

b)

a total of 75g of products

c)

a total of 180 g of products

d)

None of the above

80.

A student mixes vinegar and baking soda in a flask. Before mixing the two substances together she finds the mass of the substances within the flask. The vinegar has a mass of 50 g, the baking soda has a mass of 10g, the flask has a mass of 100g for a total mass of 160g . When she mixes the vinegar and baking soda in the flask she notices bubbles are produced. She then takes the mass of the flask/substances again and the mass is 150g. Explain why the total mass before the reaction is NOT the same after the reaction (law of conservation of mass)

a)

The vinegar and baking soda have been converted into a new substance so some mass is lost.

b)

The law of conservation of mass does not always work

c)

The set up is a closed-system, which means some of the gas may have escaped into the surrounding air

d)

The set up is an open-system, which means some of the gas may have escaped into the surrounding air

81.

This change is a

a)

chemical reaction

b)

physical change

c)

musical change

d)

Ice Ice baby

82.
Which is a chemical change?
a)
freezing fruit juice
b)
slicing a potato
c)
boiling water
d)
copper metal turning green
83.

A precipitate is a ___________ that forms when 2 liquids react together.

a)

solid

b)

liquid

c)

gas

d)

plasma

84.

Match the following

a)

Physical change

(Shape)

1.

Cutting paper

b)

Physical change

(solubility)

2.

Dissolving

Kool-Aid

c)

Chemical Change

(Flammability)

3.

Lighting a match

d)

Chemical Change

4.

Creating a new substance

e)

Both a Physical & Chemical change

5.

Bubbles

85.

What type of reaction occurs in a hand warmer?

a)

exothermic

b)

endothermic

86.

A student mixed two chemicals to allow them to react. The temperature before the reaction was 25 ° C. The temperature after the reaction was 18° C. Which of the following is true?

a)

The temperature did not change.

b)

It is an endothermic reaction

c)

It is an exothermic reaction

d)

Energy is released from the reaction into the surrounding.

87.

Hand warmers use ​ (a)   reactions to ​ (b)   the temperature of the surroundings to feel warm. Cold packs use ​ (c)   reactions to ​ (d)   the temperature of the surroundings to feel ​ (e)  

Choose from the below words
exothermic
increase
endothermic
decrease
cold
warm
keep
explosive
long
88.

Friction is

a)

A force that goes with motion and speeds up an object

b)

A force that tries to stop or slow down the motion of an object

c)

A force that dosent do anything to the motion of an object.

d)

A force that is like gravity and only occurs in outerspace.

89.
Balanced or unbalanced?
a)
balanced
b)
unbalanced
90.

What will the net force be in the scenario shown?

a)

50 N to the left

b)

50 N to the right

c)

0 Newtons

d)

There is not enough information given

91.
What is the net force?
a)
17 N Right
b)
3 N Right
c)
3 N Left
d)
17 N Left
92.

Which direction will the object move? WhY?

a)

Left - because the force pushing to the left is stronger than the force pushing to the right

b)

Right - because the force pushing to the right is stronger than the force pushing to the left

c)

Right - because the force pushing to the left is stronger than the force pushing to the right

d)

Left -because the force pushing to the right is stronger than the force pushing to the left

93.
If there are two forces going in the SAME direction, you would ...?
a)
(-) Subtract the forces
b)
(+) Add the forces
c)
Neither
d)
(x) Multiply
94.

Label the forces acting in this image.

a)applied force
b)gravity
c)normal force
d)friction
1
2
3
4
1)
2)
3)
4)
95.
What is the net force?
a)
10 N
b)
0 N
c)
25 N
d)
1 N
96.
What force holds the planets in motion around the sun?
a)
Magnetic
b)
Electrical
c)
Gravitational
d)
Air Resistance
97.

Velocity is:

a)

Speed

b)

Direction

c)

Mass and distance

d)

Speed and direction

98.

A car travels 45 kilometers in 1.5 hours. What was the car's average speed?

a)

90 km/h

b)

67.5 km/5

c)

.03 km/h

d)

30 km/h

99.
What is the meaning of acceleration?
a)

any change in the speed or direction of an object

b)

it only occurs when an object's speed increases

c)

the pull of gravity on an object

d)

the rate of change in velocity over speed

100.

Match the example with the word.

a)

Speed

1.

A car moving at 60 mph

b)

Velocity

2.

A car moving at 60 mph east.

c)

Acceleration

3.

A car slows down at a rate of 60 m/s/s

101.
Which graph shows an object not moving?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
102.
Which graph shows an object moving at a constant rate?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
D
d)
E
103.
Which graph shows an object increasing speed?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
D
d)
E

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