Font size
WorksheetsRevision quiz - A level final prep
Total questions: 206
Worksheet time: 5hrs 9mins
Urban decline is mainly the result of
The process of suburbanisation
The process of de- industrialisation
The process of counter-urbanisation
The process of urbanisation
De-industrialisation has led to
Suburbanisation
dead heart syndrome/ donut effect
Urbanisation
The New Towns Act 1946
Counter-urbanisation is a process which has caused
Degradation of the rural- urban fringe
B
C
D
According to the sector model, once established, the most expensive new housing is built
on the outer edge, farther out from the centre
in the skyscrapers of the CBD
on the inner edge of that district, closer to the centre
on outer edge of the suburban area, farther from the centre
According to the concentric zone model, a city develops in a series of
corridors
rings
nodes
sectors
According to the multiple nuclei model, an airport is likely to attract nearby
hotels and warehouses
retail and wholesale shops
residences and highways
universities and colleges
Many of the poor on the periphery of cities in less developed countries live in areas known as
informal settlements
public housing
the zone in transition
suburbs
Which urban model would best describe a city that includes edge cities along its beltways?
peripheral model
concentric zone model
multiple nuclei
sector model
According to the multiple nuclei model, what develops at the outskirts of core cities?
Airports
Edge cities
World cities
First-ring suburbs
Homer Hoyt’s sector model is based on what fundamental principle?
Development based on the location of amenities
Development is centered on transportation routes
Development is structured around the CBD
Development is based around enterprises such as airports
Which urban model includes nodes such as a port, a university, an airport and a park?
sub-saharan African city model
concentric zone model
multiple nuclei
sector model
In this urban model, land prices would be highest in the area labeled
1
2
3
4
A common characteristic of all three models of urbanization
CBD is always in the middle
none of them include a suburb
immigrants live in single-family dwellings
working class homes located farthest from the CBD
According to the sector model, the best housing is located in
sectors throughout the urban area.
nodes near universities and parks.
renovated inner-city neighborhoods.
a corridor from downtown to the edge of the city.
According to the multiple nuclei model, an airport is likely to attract nearby
heavy industry.
hotels and warehouses.
medium-class residences.
shops.
In the concentric zone model, most low-income people would find affordable housing in
zone 1.
zone 2.
zone 3.
zone 4.
Which part of the Burgess Model is this picture of?
CBD (central business district)
Factories / industries
Working Class Housing
Middle Class Housing
Commuter Zone
Which part of the Burgess Model is this picture of?
CBD (central business district)
Factories / industries
Working Class Housing
Middle Class Housing
Commuter Zone
Which part of the Burgess Model is this picture of?
CBD (central business district)
Factories / industries
Working Class Housing
Middle Class Housing
Commuter Zone
Which part of the Burgess Model is this picture of?
CBD (central business district)
Factories / industries
Working Class Housing
Middle Class Housing
Commuter Zone
Which part of the Burgess Model is this picture of?
CBD (central business district)
Factories / industries
Working Class Housing
Middle Class Housing
Commuter Zone
Which city was the Burgess Model originally based on?
London
New York
Chicago
Washington D.C.
In the CBD you would usually find...
Skyscrapers, large shopping centres, offices, museums etc.
Semi-detached housing, some local parks and a street of shops
Many closed down factories, the area may look run down with some terraced houses built for workers
Newer, larger, detached houses that have big front and back gardens
Straight rows of terraced housing built for workers, the streets are narrow and close together
In the industry/factory area you would usually find...
Skyscrapers, large shopping centres, offices, museums etc.
Semi-detached housing, some local parks and a street of shops
Many closed down factories, the area may look run down with some terraced houses built for workers
Newer, larger, detached houses that have big front and back gardens
Straight rows of terraced housing built for workers, the streets are narrow and close together
In the working class housing area you would usually find...
Skyscrapers, large shopping centres, offices, museums etc.
Semi-detached housing, some local parks and a street of shops
Many closed down factories, the area may look run down with some terraced houses built for workers
Newer, larger, detached houses that have big front and back gardens
Straight rows of terraced housing built for workers, the streets are narrow and close together
In the middle class housing area you would usually find...
Skyscrapers, large shopping centres, offices, museums etc.
Semi-detached housing, some local parks and a street of shops
Many closed down factories, the area may look run down with some terraced houses built for workers
Newer, larger, detached houses that have big front and back gardens
Straight rows of terraced housing built for workers, the streets are narrow and close together
In the commuter zone you would usually find...
Skyscrapers, large shopping centres, offices, museums etc.
Semi-detached housing, some local parks and a street of shops
Many closed down factories, the area may look run down with some terraced houses built for workers
Newer, larger, detached houses that have big front and back gardens
Straight rows of terraced housing built for workers, the streets are narrow and close together
Which culture does the Notting Hill Carnival celebrate?
Spanish
Caribbean
Russian
Korean
What does ‘diaspora’ mean?
a group of people with similar heritage/homeland who have settled elsewhere in the world
an affection for or emotional ownership of a particular place
places that have become indistinct from one another through the process of making things uniform or similar
something that does not or does not feel like it belongs in a place
Which geographer believe’s globalisation is eroding the distinctiveness of places and making them more identical over time?
Edward Relph
Tim Cresswell
Yi-Fu Tuan
Doreen Massey
What does sense of place mean?
a view of a place through the media
knowing a lot about a place
an opinion of a place based off of photographs and films
the subjective and emotional attachment to a place
Which of the following is an example of quantitative data?
poetry
maps
interviews
paintings
What is demography?
the average wage per capita
looking at population; race, age, gender
way the local land if formed and physical aspects
history of the area
What is counterurbanisation?
when people move from rural to urban areas
when people invest in urban areas
when people move from urban to rural areas
when an urban area is regenerated
What is a phenomenological approach?
investigating why a place was constructed
investigating how an individual experiences a place
a study of the unique characteristics of a place
What is the first space perspective?
considering both an outsider and insider approach about a place
gathering quantitative data about a place
gathering qualitative data about a place
making your own judgment of a place
What 3 things are included when talking about the character of a place?
landscape, people and environment
culture, food and locales
landscape, culture and built environment
locales, location and built environment
De- industrialisation is
The loss of jobs in the manufacturing sector
The fall in the percentage contribution of secondary industry in terms of the economy and employment
The outsourcing of jobs to SE Asia
The number of jobs declining in secondary industry and decline in manufacturing productivity
Which of these is a main factor in the decline of manufacturing industry in UK cities?
Mechanisation in factories overseas made it more cost effective to outsource manufacturing to these lower cost locations
Competition from abroad, particularly in the rapidly industrialising countries of the time such as South Korea, India and China
People preferred to work in the rising service sector so left jobs in manufacturing to work in services
Inner city locations became unattractive due to congestion, lack of space for expansion and cycle of inner city decline
All UK cities suffered to the same degree from de-industrialisation
True
False
Cities which specialised in a few main industries were affected to a greater degree than those with a more diverse economic base
True
False
Which employment sector was on the rise during the period of de-industrialisation?
Industry 1.0
Industry 2.0
Industry 3.0
Industry 4.0
The distribution of cities in decline from 1991-2001 are: (Choose the sentence which best describes the map)
Central England around the Midlands and the East coast have been most affected by de-industrialisation
Most cities in decline are located in the Northern manufacturing cities
Most cities in decline are located north of the north/ south divide, except for Plymouth, Devon and Norwich, Norfolk
Most cities in decline are large conurbations rather than small metropolitan cities
Which cities suffered most from de-industrialisation due to a specialisation in certain manufacturing industries
Manchester
London
Cambridge
Exeter
What parts of the urban area where most likely to suffer from de-industrialisation?
Suburbs
CBD
Inner City
Rural- urban fringe
Identify the reasons for factories leaving the inner city (may be more than one)
The inner city has a low skilled workforce and is no longer attractive to manufacturing industries
There was a lack of land for expansion of industrial buildings and outdated buildings not suitable for more modern machinery and technology
There was a decline in productivity and less manufacturing was taking place in the UK as we were not making as much.
Inner city characteristics such as traffic congestion was costing industries in time and money and therefore they favoured locations on the city fringes.
There was greater demand to gentrify large areas of the inner city forcing industry out
Decentralisation is:
a government strategy to provide housing outside of the urban area through the creation of New Towns
A decline in manufacturing employment in proportion to other industries
the process of the movement of industry and other functions to the edge of the urban area and rural locations
The even spread of investment to the suburbs
The cycle of inner city decline is an decline in the economic fortunes of an inner city
True
False
What happens to the skills base of residents of the inner city during the cycle of decline
More money is spent on schools in the inner city area so there is a rise in graduates and skilled professionals
People spend less money in local services and these will decline and close
Most people turn to crime to supplement their income
More educated and skilled people move out to the suburbs to follow the employment which has been subject to the process of decentralisation
Which of these is a social impact of de-industrialisation in an inner city area?
Loss of jobs and personal disposable income
Higher levels of deprivation
Derelict land and buildings
Decline in property prices
Which of these is an economic impact of de-industrialisation in the inner city?
Long term pollution of the land from 'dirty' industries
deteriorating infrastructure
Higher levels of crime, family breakdown, alcoholism and drug abuse
Loss of tax income to local authorities and potential decline in services
Which of these is an environmental impact of de-industrialisation?
Increase in demand for state benefits e.g. income support and housing benefit
decline in property prices as out-migration increases
Reduced maintenance of local housing caused by lower personal incomes and less investment from the local authority
Increase in unemployment
Looking at the graph, identify the correct statement:
the 'rise of the service sector has only occurred since 1951
the 'rise of the service sector' was the cause of the decline in agriculture and fishing
the 'rise of the service sector' resulted in the decline of manufacturing sector
a growing proportion of employment in the service sector occurs at a similar proportion to the decline in the manufacturing sector
What locations did the service industries favour?
CBD
Inner City
Rural- urban fringe
Rural areas
Has the 'rise of the service sector' replaced the jobs in manufacturing?
No- because despite job creation, many of the new jobs are low paid low-skilled jobs and are likely to be part-time or temporary e.g. call centres
Yes- the new jobs have been been dispersed throughout the locations most needed and these managerial posts are suitable to the skills set of people in the inner city
Which types of locations have benefited most from the structural shifts in employment in the UK
UKs largest cities at the top of the urban hierarchy
Inner city locations
suburban locations
urban fringes
Regional cities across the country
The 'rise of the service sector' has lead to ..
the growth of science and business parks on edge of city locations
de-industrialisation in the inner city
the concentration of employment in the South of the UK
The more even distribution of employment opportunities throughout the country
What does Urban form mean?
The land use model appropriate to the city e.g. Burgess
The physical characteristics that make up the city, including its size and shape, population density and how the city is arranged (land use)
The topography of the Urban areas whether it is built on flat on sloping land
When Urban development is planned through mixing residential, commercial and leisure uses combined
Cities have often developed in locations of multiple functions. What is a function?
The reason, job or purpose for being. This may be a defensive site or dry point site
The amount of infrastructure built into the city
The value of land in the city centre (CBD)
Is the city’s size and shape, population density and how it is arranged (land use)
Which of these would be factors which would facilitate development of a city
Regular water supply
Nodal site with the development of trading links
Defensive position
Plentiful natural resources
All of the above
Urban forms change over time. Changes can be influenced by physical factors and human factors. Identify the physical factors which affect urban development (select more than one)
Infrastructure- developments built along transport routes leading to linear growth
Land values- highest value land is in the CBD so businesses which can afford the higher rents will locate in the city centre
Topography- steep slopes are harder to build on and less accessible so poorer housing may be built on them
Natural resources- rich resources e.g. coal and metal encourage growth in size and population of cities
Land type- some ground surfaces are more difficult or expensive to build on than others, e.g. swamps and wetlands can limit urban growth
Urban forms change over time. Changes can be influenced by physical factors and human factors. Identify the human factors which affect urban development (select more than one)
Infrastructure- developments built along transport routes leading to linear growth
Land values- highest value land is in the CBD so businesses which can afford the higher rents will locate in the city centre
Topography- steep slopes are harder to build on and less accessible so poorer housing may be built on them
Natural resources- rich resources e.g. coal and metal encourage growth in size and population of cities
Planning- urban expansion can be planned and unplanned. In LICs and NEEs
Cities in the developed and developing world have the same urban land uses in similar locations
True
False
In a developed world city, the land value is highest in the CBD, but the housing around the CBD decreases in value further away from the city centre.
True
False
In a developing world city, the land value is highest in the CBD, but the housing around the CBD decreases in value further away from the city centre.
True
False
Areas of high land value will have high rise housing
True
False
The CBD will contain what facitilities?
Shops
Offices
parks
Factories
leisure facilities
In a developing city, wealthy residents will live in which part of the city?
On the outskirts/ suburbs
In the CBD
In a zone around the city centre
Along transport routes
In a developed world city, housing is less dense and more expensive in..
The inner city
The CBD
The suburbs
Rural areas
In a developed world city, inner city areas have high land value, so housing is typically high density e.g. skyscrapers. Wages are often low and many residents live in relative poverty.
True
False
In a developing world city, land value is low in the area surrounding the CBD. Informal settlements develop around the CBD.
True
False
What is mixed use town centre development?
These are developments (for residential or retail use) with lots of security, such as CCTV, guards and high walls.
This is where wealthier people move into rundown inner city areas and regenerate the, by improving housing
These are areas which focus on the history or character of an area of a city
These are areas where land use is mixed- luxury flats, offices, shops and entertainment facilities (e.g. bars, cinemas, gyms)
What is a cultural heritage quarter development?
These are developments (for residential or retail use) with lots of security, such as CCTV, guards and high walls.
This is where wealthier people move into rundown inner city areas and regenerate the, by improving housing
These are areas which focus on the history or character of an area of a city
These are areas where land use is mixed- luxury flats, offices, shops and entertainment facilities (e.g. bars, cinemas, gyms)
What is a fortress development?
These are developments (for residential or retail use) with lots of security, such as CCTV, guards and high walls.
This is where wealthier people move into rundown inner city areas and regenerate the, by improving housing
These are areas which focus on the history or character of an area of a city
These are areas where land use is mixed- luxury flats, offices, shops and entertainment facilities (e.g. bars, cinemas, gyms)
What is gentrified area?
These are developments (for residential or retail use) with lots of security, such as CCTV, guards and high walls.
This is where wealthier people move into rundown inner city areas and regenerate the, by improving housing
These are areas which focus on the history or character of an area of a city
These are areas where land use is mixed- luxury flats, offices, shops and entertainment facilities (e.g. bars, cinemas, gyms)
What does the term edge city mean?
An area of galleries, theatres and historical buildings within a city
Developments which are planned to include a mixture of functions e.g. shops and residential areas
New areas of offices, shops and leisure facilities developed close to transport links e.g. motorway intersections outside the city
Infrastructure developments which are planned and integrated into the city landscape
Which of these are characteristics of post modern cities?
Multiple centres with different purposes (e.g. high tech industry, retail, heritage) rather than a single centre
A focus on tertiary and quarternary industry e.g. IT and media instead of secondary industry
Less uniform architecture- buildings have a wid variety of styles
Planning prioritises the aesthetics of the city (how it looks) over practical use
All of the above
What is the concept of the 'global village'?
A village which is affected by the processes of globalisation
The concept that there is frictionless movement of information and capital meaning organisations will act in an international manner
The concept that containerisation and outsourcing has led to a shift from manufacturing in the core to the periphery
The concept that TNCs operate globally
Globalisation and the growth or the 'world economy' is always increasing over time?
True
False
Capital flows are the movement of money for the purpose of i (a) , trade or to produce foods or provide services.
Globalisation is the process by which national economies, societies and cultures have become increasingly integrated through a global network of t (a) , communication, transportation and immigration.
The dimensions of globalisation are the aspects which are transferred more easily through global networks. Which dimension are these referring to?
* impacts and degradation
* linked by the 'common'
Society
Economy
Politics
Environment
The dimensions of globalisation are the aspects which are transferred more easily through global networks. Which dimension are these referring to?
- trade and aid
- capital flows
- TNCs
Society
Economy
Politics
Environment
The dimensions of globalisation are the aspects which are transferred more easily through global networks. Which dimension are these referring to?
- trading groups
- governmental and global institutions
Culture
Economy
Politics
Technology
What event increased flows of capital internationally?
de-regulation of financial markets
containerisation
decreased transport costs
technological advances
What is the name given to money sent home by immigrants to their country of origin?
(a)
Which international organisation lends money to countries which would not be able to borrow from conventional sources?
IMF
United Nations
G7
European Union
What does the term leakage mean?
When containers fall off the ships transporting them
The transfer of jobs from HICs to Lower wage economies such as China
The repatriation of profits by TNCs to their country of origin
When Low Income Countries fail to pay back their loans
Which group of countries are the MINT countries?
Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey
Malaysia, India, Nepal, Thailand
Maldives, Israel, Namibia and Tanzania
Marshall Islands, Indonesia, North Korea and Trinidad and Tobago
Is place and space the same thing in Geography?
Yes
No
'Place is space infused with meaning'. What does this mean to geographers?
We study the personal and emotional attachment that people have to a place
We study the highly personal, experiential and subjective responses of people to a place
We study how feelings of attachment based on life events or historical events impact on feelings towards places
All of the above
What does the word subjective mean?
seeking or intended to subvert an established system or institution.
the action of presenting a proposal, application, or other document for consideration or judgement.
based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions
relating to or denoting a mood of verbs expressing what is imagined or wished or possible.
Which one of these is a subjective representation of place
data on ethnicity
paintings
population statistics
information on birth rates
The term 'location' in studying place in geography means
a specific location in relation to other places
the actual shape of the place and what happens there
personal and emotional attachment
The term 'locale' in studying place in geography means
a specific location in relation to other places
the actual shape of the place and what happens there
personal and emotional attachment
The term 'sense of place' in studying place in geography means
a specific location in relation to other places
the actual shape of the place and what happens there
personal and emotional attachment
Cities attract people from rural areas due to ....
Push factors
Money
Pull factors
Better housing
As population increases, what economic factor will occur?
more migrants will move to the city creating a more culturally and ethnically diverse population
Transition from secondary to tertiary and quarternary industries
Businesses such as factories grow in size and become more profitable leading to jobs and wage rises
Segregation of people from different backgrounds e.g. ghettos
Cities develop in lots of different ways as they urbanise. Which of these is a social factor
Commercial farming overtakes subsistence farming as primary method of food production leading to a decline in agricultural jobs pushing people into towns and cities
Emergence of high -tech industries have emerged e.g. Silicon Valley in California
Political movements emerge to represent the ‘working class’ population. Political reform focuses on issues that affect urban life e.g poor sanitation
The migration of people into urban areas increases the mix of people from different social backgrounds. This can make people more tolerant of others, creating a welcoming environment that attracts more migrants
Cities develop in lots of different ways as they urbanise. As population increases, what political factor will occur?
more migrants will move to the city creating a more culturally and ethnically diverse population
Political movements emerge to represent the ‘working class’ population. Political reform focuses on issues that affect urban life e.g poor sanitation
Businesses such as factories grow in size and become more profitable leading to jobs and wage rises
Segregation of people from different backgrounds e.g. ghettos
Cities in HIC grew (a) in the Industrial Revolution as death rates in urban areas were high
Cities in LIC/ NEEs are growing rapidly as they have reasionably high rates on in- migration and very high rates of (a)
Which of these is a political push factors
Lack of well paid jobs
Lawlessness and dominance of extremist groups
Lack of education and healthcare
desertification
Which age groups is the largest age range in LIC/ NEE cities?
List 5 reasons why urban areas are important
Identify the richest world City in terms of GDP
New York
Los Angeles
Dubai
Tokyo
What has happened to the population of Reigate and Banstead between the 2011 and 2021 census?
Increased
Decreased
Reigate is the (a) th most densely populated borough in the South East
Which age range has increased the most in Reigate and Banstead?
0-5
5-15
15-60
65+
Which Reigate ward has the highest population density?
Reigate Hill
Reigate Central
Meadvale and St Johns
South Park and Woodhatch
Which Reigate ward has the most elderly?
Reigate Hill
Reigate Central
Meadvale and St Johns
South Park and Woodhatch
Which Reigate ward has the most detached housing?
Reigate Hill
Reigate Central
Meadvale and St Johns
South Park and Woodhatch
Which Reigate ward has the most owner occupied housing?
Reigate Hill
Reigate Central
Meadvale and St Johns
South Park and Woodhatch
Which Reigate ward use cars for work the most?
Reigate Hill
Reigate Central
Meadvale and St Johns
South Park and Woodhatch
Which Reigate ward has the most people in good health?
Reigate Hill
Reigate Central
Meadvale and St Johns
South Park and Woodhatch
What type of geology has given character to Reigate - as seen in the photo of this tile hung house.
Chalk
Mudstone/ Wealden clay
Sandstone
What was the main economic function of Reigate before the coming of the railway?
Industry
Finance and insurance
Agriculture
Fishing
When did the railway open in Reigate?
1982
1939
1960
1849
Why does house building abruptly stop to the South of Reigate?
They ran out of money
The clay low lying land is liable to flood from the River Mole
Reigate and Banstead council created the greenbelt to prevent further development
It was too far from the railway station
Reigate station is in which ward?
Reigate Hill
Reigate Central
Meadvale and St JOhns
South Park and Woodhatch
Reigate High Street (A25) is in which ward?
Reigate Hill
Reigate Central
Meadvale and St JOhns
South Park and Woodhatch
Reigate is close to the...
Gatwick diamond
Gatwick circle
Gatwick square
Gatwick triangle
House prices in South Park and Woodhatch are (a) than other wards in Reigate
What encouraged further house building in the 20th century in Reigate?
The opening of the railway
The end of the war
The 'Great Sale of Reigate'
Increase in farming exports
Where is most crime in Reigate concentrated?
Redhill
St John's and Meadvale
Reigate Hill
The High Street
What ward in Reigate experienced expansion of housing after the M25 was opened?
Reigate Hill
The High Street
St John's
South Park
What are the two processes of rebranding?
Regeneration
Reimaging
Top-down
Events / themes
What 3 aspects can be used to evaluate the need for regeneration?
Statistics
Representation
Perception
Media
The remodelling of an areas to counter negative perceptions is known as what?
Reimaging
Rebranding
Regeneration
Removal
The process involving social, economic and physical action to reverse decline and create a sustainable community is known as what?
Rebranding
Regeneration
Reimagine
Removal
The way in which a place is redeveloped and marketed so that it gains a new identity is known as what?
Rebranding
Regeneration
Reimagine
Removal
Which stakeholder is most likely to objective to a new building over a small wooded area?
Resident
Local council
Local business
National government
Which 2 stakeholders are most likely to agree to the redevelopment of an estate?
Resident
Local council
Local business
National government
Which stakeholders is most likely to agree to the development of large infrastructure such as HS2?
Resident
Local council
Local business
National government
What is about how much people care for the place they live in. This can be affected by various factors:
Lived Experience
Engagement
How far people's general well-being is met, including access to services such as heath, education and leisure
The uneven distribution of opportunities and rewards for different social groups, defined by factors such as age
Place can be studied in a variety of approaches. Choose the ways in which geographers study place.
Descriptive
Explanatory
Phemonological
Historical
Social Constructionist
What does location mean?
a feeling or emotion evoked by a place
the point on a map e.g. latitude and longitude
the unique character of a place
the spiritual or cultural importance of a place
What does locale mean?
a feeling or emotion evoked by a place
a sense of place
the unique character of a place
the spiritual or cultural importance of a place
Sense of place is the subjective and (a) attachment people have to a place
'Stonehenge is the most architecturally sophisticated prehistoric stone circle in the world, while Avebury is the largest in the world. Together with inter-related monuments and their associated landscapes, they help us to understand Neolithic and Bronze Age ceremonial and mortuary practices'.
This extract from a website describing Stonehenge focuses on what aspect of place?
location
locale
sense of place
'Stonehenge continues to have a role as a sacred place of special religious and cultural significance for many, and inspires a strong sense of awe and humility for thousands of visitors who are drawn to the site every year.'
This extract from a website describing Stonehenge focuses on what aspect of place?
location
locale
sense of place
The way a place is viewed or regarded by people is the (a) of a place. This can be influenced by media representation or personal experience.
The love of a place is called (a)
Topophobia is the (a) of a place
'place is space infused with...' finish the quote
memories
events
meaning
emotions
What is Mr May's sons name?
Niall
Harry
Zayn
Louis
What is Mr May's favourite food?
Pizza
Tacos
fish and chips
Vegan lasagne
What is not a global common?
High seas
All the world's forests
Antarctica
Outer space
