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Worksheetsenvironmental factors quiz 1
Total questions: 72
Worksheet time: 47mins
Transfer of heat away from the body. Accounts for >65% of heat loss
(a)
conversion of a liquid to a gas. Primary method of cooling until high humidity levels. Accounts for 30% of cooling
(a)
heat transfer through solid material by physical contact
(a)
heat transfer through air or liquid
(a)
normal core body temperature
99.2
98.6
98.3
95
starting temp for hypothermia
98.6
104
94.8
95
starting temp for heat stroke
101.2
106.2
103.7
104
what hosts your main thermoregulatory center?
skin
pituitary gland
hypothalamus
environment
Your hypothalamus receives signals from
thermoreceptors in your skin
central receptors in your core
blood vessels
environment
Biggest factor in your BMR
Age
Gender
Stress
Body surface area (BSA)
True or false: The hotter and more humid it is, the easier it is to evaporate heat away from the body?
true
false
In a hot environment, the blood flow to to skin can involve what percentage or cardiac output?
20%
40%
60%
80%
Production of heat and energy to deal with cold stressors
(a)
True or false: Skin is the body's thermostat in a cold enviornment
false
true
release of stored heat and energy of the body to the enviornment
(a)
water conducts heat ___X faster than air
25
15
20
30
where is the sight that can measure about 1* higher
(a)
Increase in CBT (core body temp) due to inadequate thermolysis
heat stroke
hyperthermia
heat illness
shock
Heat ___ is when heat is generated or gained by the body faster than it can be dissapated
stroke
illness
decompensation
stress
people are at a higher risk for heat illness
old
young
to physiologically adjust to a new enviornment
(a)
medications that affect temperature regulation ability
diuretics and beta blockers
alcohol and antihistamines
alpha agonists and anticholinergics
antihistamines and cholinergics
true or false: military recruits have a better resilience for heat related illness
true
false
max ml of water per hour the gut absorbs
1200
1000
2000
740
erythematous, papular, and pruritic rash developing on actively sweating skin
chilblains
sweat
prickly heat
miliaria rubra
treatment for heat syncope is perform a secondary assessment after the primary to look for trauma after a fall, lay the patient supine, and cool and give oral fluids
true
false
acute involuntary muscle spasms that most often afflict those in good physical conditions
sodium loss and dehydration
heat cramps
unstable angina
muscle fatigue
how would you treat heat cramps?
move patient to a cool enviornment
give them salty chips or pretzels
1L Iv Bolus
Administer 1L water with rehydration solution
This can take form in two types, sodium depleted and water depleted
(a)
Breakdown of the body's heat regulating system; A true medical emergency!
(a)
you walk up to a 74 y/o patient on an unusually hot day that presents with AMS, Dry, red and hot skin, you should suspect
heat exhaustion
classic heatstroke
exertional heatstroke
74 y/o people don't exist
your battle buddy says "doc, i've got a headache, i'm nauseous and dizzy, and my legs keep giving out on me" what should you suspect
heat stroke
early signs of heat illness
dehydration
they're malingering
hypothermia is a decrease in CBT starting at 95* due to inadequate
Thermogenesis
warm clothing
Thermolysis
preparedness
a patient presents with a core body temp of 89.2*, AMS, Blackened fingers that appear to be frozen solid, and the only thing they have on is their underwear even though its 13* outside with a 22mph wind. You should first
rewarm their fingers to stop the action of frostbite
ask them or anybody around what happened
get them inside to a warm place and provide a warming blanket
give them a warm plate of food or coffee
the most common cause of heat loss in an urban setting
(a)
Umbles mumbles stumbles fumbles and paradoxical undressing are all early signs of hypothermia
true
false
what could cause signs and symptoms that resemble, stroke, head injury, acute psychiatric disturbance, and alcohol intoxication?
(a)
can a person who is hypothermic also be hypovolemic?
yes
no
what CBT does shivering usually stop at
91
89
87
93
2015 bls guidelines recommend CPR if no signs of life are present
rapid rhythm identification
one defib attempt
iv access and warm fluids
attempt advanced airway
rapid rhythm identification
2 defib attempts
iv access and warm fluids
attempt advanced airway
no rhythm identification
1 defib attempt
iv access
no advanced airway
what is the best way to rewarm a hypothermic patient
external rewarming
active core rewarming
passive external rewarming
active core rewarming with active external rewarming
ischemic cold weather injury classified as superficial or deep
(a)
skin is waxy and white, firm to palpation and when you rewarm the area the skin becomes cyanotic and the patient claims a hot stinging sensation
deep frostbite
superficial frostbite
chilblains
the skin is yellow-white, white, or mottled blue-white that feels hard and cold. thawing causes major damage and could cause gangrene
chilblains
deep frostbite
superficial frostbite
ouch
the definitive care for this is administering IV analgesia, rapidly rewarm affected areas with warm water (over the course of 15-30 mins). Once warm separate affected fingers and toes with sterile guaze and elevate the affected part
(a)
trench foot is similar to frostbite but can occur at temperatures higher than frostbite. What temp can trench foot occur?
40
50
60
70
itchy reddish or purple lesions on face or extremities from long exposures to temps just above freezing
(a)
most drowning victims receiving rescue breathing or compressions will?
vomit
achieve rosc
be thankful
aspirate water
you have a drowning patient who was unconscious when you arrived. The water is icy. After 30 mins of good ALS measures you and your partner should
terminate resuscitation efforts
continue resuscitation efforts
scuba diving is when a diver remains at depth for prolonged periods of time
true
false
a diver is at 120 FSW (feet of seawater), what is his ATA
1
2
4
5
nitrogen narcosis
altered mental status from breathing nitrogen containing air at depth
isnt real
is only a problem for free divers
nitrogen narcosis is pleasant and wont cause a diver to panic and surface too quickly
true
false
1 atm is equivalent to how many feet of seawater?
(a)
antiemetics or sedatives are contraindicated in barotrauma
true
false
if a diver fails to exhale during ascent, pressure in the lung will increase until this happens
(a)
where are relative pressure and volume changes greatest?
on the surface
near the surface
around 70 feet
at depth of over 100 feet
COPD and asthma patients can dive but have a slightly higher risk of POPS
true
false
You come across a patient who has POPS. You find palpable subcutaneous air above the clavicles and a crunching noise that goes with his heartbeat. In the field you should
give 100% O2 by NRB
Nothing because you cant treat POPS prehospital
attempt to dislodge the air in his sub Q layer
perform an NCD
Hamman's sign
palpable sub q air above clavicles
increased CO2 resulting from too much nitrogen rich air
crunching noise that goes along with the heart in the lungs
who is Hamman?
the majority of these rise to the head causing strokelike symptoms
(a)
Nitrogen bubbles in blood and tissues that come out of solution is caused by this law
boyles law
daltons law
Hammans law
Henry's law
your patient has experienced decompression sickness but appears to feel better and symptoms are starting to resolve. Does he need a hyperbaric facility?
YES
no
risks of hyperbaric chambers
O2 desaturation
seizures
barotrauma
may convert a pneumo into a tension pneumo if there is no chest tube in place
A pregnant patient should never use a hyperbaric chamber
true
false
what rhythm do people who experience shallow water blackout usually have when they regain consciousness
sinus bradycardia
ventricular tachycardia
asystole
normal sinus
what altitude does altitude illness start to occur
4000 feet
5000 feet
6000 feet
1500m
local changes in barometric pressure can alter the "relative altitude: by how many feet
100-200 feet
500-2500 feet
1000-1500 feet
10-20 feet
if you have to get an altitude sickness, which one would you most likely die from
AMS
HAPE
HACE
how does your body adjust to depending the amount of oxygen available for delivery in the tissues?
respiratory alkalosis
kidneys secrete bicarb in urine
hyperventilation
compensatory metabolic acidosis
headache or nausea plus ONE of the following: nausea, vomiting, no appetite, fatigue or weakness, dizziness, difficulty sleeping
(a)
dosage for Acetazolamide
125mg q12h
125mg q24h
.5mg/kg tid x3 days
250mg q12h
