Distinctive language - Indo European Language

Iron Age

They discovered and used Iron for weapons and tools, leading way to the Iron age.

They were expert sailors, shipbuilders, and merchants - they were known as the "Carriers Civilization"

They developed a deep purple cloth dye that became a symbol of nobility because it was very expensive.

They were the first to make objects of glass.

They developed an early alphabet (ours is based on it) which consisted of consonants.

Abraham (from UR) was the founder of the only monotheist religion of ancient times.

Moses - led the Jews out of Egypt.

David - won the battle against Goliath and founded the sacred city of Jerusalem.

Judaism

The commandments given to Moses by God.

They were skilled, harsh, cruel warriors. They were very influenced by Mesopotamian culture - especially Hammurabi.

Ashurbanipal - was the ruler of Assyrian Empire during its greatest size and height (from Egypt to the Persian Gulf).

This ruler had one of the very first and most majestic libraries built to preserve the cuneiform tablets.

Niniveh - was the capital city of the Assyrian Empire.

Nebuchadnezzar was the greatest ruler of his time.

He ordered the construction of the Hanging Gardens in honor to his wife.

Croesus was the king of the Lydians and ruled during its greatest power and prosperity.

They were the first to introduce the use of coins

Developed the money economy replacing the barter system.

They were from what is today Iran.

They built one of the largest and greatest empires of their time.

Developed the very first postal system

The Empire had one official language - Aramaic (language spoken by Christ)

Aramaic language

The empire had one official religion - Zoroastrianism named in honor of their religious teacher Zoroaster.

The empire had one official religion.

Zoroastrianism and Zoroaster.

Ancient Egypt civilization:

Egypt began as as divided territory: Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt.

Ancient Egypt civilization:

Egypt began as as divided territory: Upper Egypt to the south and Lower Egypt to the north.

Ancient Egypt civilization:

Egypt began as as divided territory: Upper Egypt to the north and Lower Egypt to the south.

Ancient Egypt civilization: Established the first capital city of Egypt - Memphis - right in the center of both Egypts.

The age of the pharaoh's and pyramids

The ruler was called a phraron, considered a god of Earth

After Menes united Egypt 400 years ago, a central government was established which held supreme power.

Officials were appointed to help the pharaoh, and later became the Egyptian nobles. Priests were also named by the pharaoh.

Pyramid were built.

The Great Pyramid of Giza, the only one of the seven wonders of ancient history, still stands and took 20 years to build.

Age of trade an cultural development.

A strong dynasty ruled from the city of Thebes.

It was a time of major cultural and trade development.

The power of the rulers declined when the power of nobles and priests grew.

They were invaded by the Hyksos, who were people from Asia, and who bought superior weapons like chariots, bronze swords, and daggers. They conquered and enslaved the Egyptians. They remained there for over a hundred years.

Age of the Empire

The Hyksos were overthrown by the Egyptian who had learned about their weaponry.

A new dynasty was established.

It was a time of territorial expansion - known as the Empire Age

All peoples had to pay tributes (taxes) to the Pharaoh.

First woman in history ruled during this time - Queen Hatshepsut

Her greatest achievements had to do with the grandeur of Egyptian architecture.

Her stepson - Thutmose III - was one of the greatest pharaohs of his time. He brought the Egyptian Empire to its greatest size by conquering Palestine and Syria.

He tried to imposed the belief of one god - Aton - which represented the sun

He changed his named to Akhenaton ( which means well with God)

He tried to reduce the powers of the priests, but failed, and was killed.

His 9 years old son in law became the new pharaoh - Tutankhamen

He was one of the last effective Egyptian rulers.

He was one of the last effective Egyptian rulers

He married the daughter of the ruler of the Hitties and was able to delay the invasion of Egypt for 50 years.

He was one of the last effective Egyptian rulers.

He had many temples and statues built in honor of himself

After Rameses II, the power of the Pharaohs declined which led to many invasions.

god of the Nile and the rich harvest, guardian of the other world

Osiris wife

Continuation of life in the other world.

The Egyptians viewed the heart as the seat of intellect and emotion.

Egyptians also worshipped animals like cats and crocodiles.

Egyptian religion was ___________

Preservation of the body needed of the other world.

Recorded recollections of Egyptian burial customs and rituals.

Egyptian Writing:

Egyptian picture writing

Egyptian Writing:

Helped decipher and understand the Egyptian hieroglyphics

Egyptian Writing:

reed - like plant found along the Nile and was used to make the scrolls to write on.

Egypt civilization contribution:

Very first medical texts on the diagnosis and treatment of injuries.

Egypt civilization contribution:

They wrote the most important medical texts on the diagnosis and treatment of injuries.

Egypt civilization contribution:

They were experts in the study of gastrointestinal system.

Egypt civilization contribution:

They were experts in the study of human anatomy.

Egypt civilization contribution:

Developed a twelve month solar calendar in order to predict the flood season.

Egypt civilization contribution:

Developed a 24 month solar calendar in order to predict the flood season.

Egypt civilization contribution:

They built grand temples, palaces, pyramids, hospitals, and oasis.

Egypt civilization contribution:

They built grand temples, palaces, and pyramids.

Egypt civilization contribution:

Developed the field of Trigonometria and Algebra.

Egypt civilization contribution:

They were the first to use cement columns in their structures.

Egypt civilization contribution:

Developed the field of Geometry.

Egypt civilization contribution:

They were the first to use stone columns in their structures.